Ukukhutshwa kwetyuwa kumanzi olwandle akwizikhongozelo: Isisombululo esiZinzileyo soKunqongophala kwamanzi

Intshayelelo:

Xa sijongene nokukhula kokunqongophala kwamanzi kwihlabathi, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezihlala elunxwemeni naseziqithini, elwandleUkukhutshwa kwetyuwa emanzini iye yavela njengeteknoloji ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni amanzi acocekileyo, aselwayo. Izityalo zesiNtu zokukhupha ityuwa, ngelixa zisebenza, zihlala zifuna iziseko ezingundoqo kunye nemithombo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuvela kweenkqubo zokususa ityuwa emanzini olwandle anezikhongozeli kuye kwayiguqula le mbonakalo-mhlaba, yanikezela ngenye indlela ebhetyebhetye, engabizi kakhulu, kunye neyokusingqongileyo.

Yintoni i Ukukhutshwa kwetyuwa emanzini olwandle?

umfanekiso 1 Ukususwa kwetyuwa emanzini olwandle kufakwe kwisikhongozeli

Ukukhutshwa kwetyuwa emanzini olwandle afakwe emgqomeni kubhekiselele kusetyenziso lwezikhongozeli zokuhambisa ezisemgangathweni njengesona sakhiwo sisisiseko sezindlu sezixhobo zokukhupha ityuwa. Ezi zikhongozeli, eziqhele ukuba ziinyawo ezingama-20 okanye ubude obuziimitha ezingama-40, ziyalungiswa ukuze zigcine zonke izinto eziyimfuneko zokusela amanzi olwandle, ukunyangwa kwangaphambili, inkqubo yokukhupha ityuwa, ukunyangwa emva konyango, kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi. Uyilo lwemodyuli luvumela ukuthuthwa okulula, ukuthunyelwa ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokunciphisa, okwenza kube sisisombululo esifanelekileyo kwiindawo ezikude, iinzame zokunceda iintlekele, kunye neemfuno zokunikezelwa kwamanzi okwethutyana.

Amacandelo aPhambili kunye neNkqubo:

Inkqubo Yokuthatha Amanzi Olwandle: Inyathelo lokuqala libandakanya ukutsala amanzi olwandle kwisikhongozeli ngombhobho wokusela onezihluzo zokususa inkunkuma enkulu kunye nokhula lwaselwandle.

Unyango lwangaphambili: Amanzi olwandle acutshungulwa kwangaphambili ukuze asuse izinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo, izinto eziphilayo, kunye nobunye ukungcola okunokonakalisa inwebu yokukhupha ityuwa okanye kunciphise ukusebenza kakuhle kwazo. Oku kubandakanya ukuhluzwa kwesanti, ukuhluzwa kwekhatriji, kunye/okanye unyango lwekhemikhali.

Inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwetyuwa emanzini: Undoqo wenkqubo yinkqubo yokukhutshwa kwetyuwa emanzini ngokwayo, enokuthi iphunyezwe ngeetekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo ezifana Reverse Osmosis (RO), i-multi-stage flash distillation (MSF), okanye i-electrodialysis reversal (EDR). I-RO yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo kwiinkqubo eziqulathiweyo ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokukwazi ukuvelisa amanzi akumgangatho ophezulu. Kwi-RO, amanzi olwandle anyanzeliswa phantsi koxinzelelo ngokusebenzisa i-semi-permeable membranes, evumela amanzi acocekileyo ukuba adlule ngelixa esala ityuwa kunye nezinye izinto ezinyibilikisiweyo.

umfanekiso 2 Ukukhutshwa kwetyuwa emanzini olwandle kufakwe kwimigqomo

Emva koNyango: Amanzi anetyuwa anokufuna unyango olongezelelekileyo, olufana nohlengahlengiso lwe-pH, ukwenziwa kweminerali, kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane (umzekelo, ngesibane se-UV okanye isitofu se-chlorine), ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yamanzi okusela asekuhlaleni.

Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokusasazwa kwamanzi: Inyathelo lokugqibela libandakanya ukugcina amanzi acociweyo kwiitanki ngaphakathi kwesitya okanye indawo yokugcina yangaphandle kunye nokusabalalisa njengoko kufuneka.

Izinto ezilungileyo ze Ukukhutshwa kwetyuwa emanzini olwandle:

Ukuphatheka kunye nokusasazwa okuKhawulezayo: Imodyuli, uyilo olunezikhongozeli luvumela uthutho olulula kunye nokuseta ngokukhawuleza, oko kuyenza ilungele iimeko ezingxamisekileyo okanye iimfuno zonikezelo lwamanzi zethutyana.

I-Scalability: Iinkqubo zinokunyuswa okanye zithotywe ngokuxhomekeke kwimfuno yamanzi, nto leyo evumela izisombululo ezingabizi kakhulu zilungele iimfuno ezithile.

Iindleko eziNcitshisiweyo zeziSeko ezinguNdoqo: Xa kuthelekiswa nezityalo zemveli zokukhupha ityuwa, iisistim ezifakwe kwikhonteyina zifuna ukulungiswa kwesiza okuncinci kunye nokwakhiwa, ukunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zangaphambili.

Uzinzo lokusiNgqongileyo: Iinkqubo ezininzi zale mihla zokukhutshwa kwetyuwa emanzini zibandakanya ubuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa amandla kwaye zisebenzisa imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo njengamandla elanga okanye omoya, inciphisa indawo ekhoyo yekhabhoni.

Ukuguquguquka: Iinkqubo ziyakwazi ukulungelelaniswa kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo yamanzi kunye nokusingqongileyo, okwenza ukuba zilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.

Isiphelo:

umfanekiso 3 Ukususwa kwetyuwa emanzini olwandle kufakwe kwimigqomo

Ukukhutshwa kwetyuwa emanzini olwandle imele ukuqhubela phambili okubonakalayo kubuchwepheshe bamanzi, inikezela ngesisombululo esisebenzayo nesizinzileyo sokunqongophala kwamanzi kwimimandla eselunxwemeni nakwimimandla ekude. Uyilo lwayo lweemodyuli, ukukhululeka kokuthunyelwa, kunye nokulinganisa kwenza ukuba ibe yindlela ekhangayo koorhulumente, ii-NGOs, kunye namashishini abucala afuna ukulungisa ukunqongophala kwamanzi kwiindawo ezinomngeni. Njengoko ithekhnoloji iqhubeleka nokuvela, iinkqubo zokukhutshwa kwetyuwa kwiikhonteyina zikulungele ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukufikelela kumanzi acocekileyo nakhuselekileyo kumntu wonke.