Reverse Osmosis (RO) Technology In Power Plant Water Treatment
2024-10-30
Reverse Osmosis (RO) Technology In Power Plant Water Treatment
Kemikari mvura yekurapa maitiro emagetsi emagetsi
Kemikari yemvura yekuchenesa mvura yemagetsi ekugadzira simba I. Kudiwa kwekugadzirwa kwemakemikari emvura kunoonekwa kubva pahutano hwehutano hwemvura Inotevera ndiyo bhailer feed yemvura yehutano mitemo: Total hardness (umol / L), yakanyungudutswa okisijeni (μg/L), magetsi conductivity (us/cm), silica (μg/L), PH (25 ℃ ℃), carbon dioxide (μg/30
Unhu husina kunaka hwemvura, kunyanya calcium, magnesium, sodium uye silicate ions inopfuura muyero, ichaita kuti njodzi dzinotevera kumidziyo inopisa: 1.Kuwedzera kwemidziyo inopisa: kana hutano hwemvura mubhailer kana imwe inopisa kupisa husina kunaka, mushure menguva yekushanda, zvimwe zvakasungirirwa zvakasimba zvichagadzirwa panzvimbo yekupisa panosangana nemvura. Chiitiko ichi chinodaidzwa kunzi scaling, uye izvi zvakabatanidzwa zvakasimba zvinodaidzwa kuti scale. Nokuti thermal conductivity of scale inosvika mazana emazana kupfuura iyo yesimbi, uye chiyero ichi chinogadzirwa nyore nyore mubhoiler tube ine kupisa kwakanyanya, saka chiyero chinokuvadza zvikuru kune bhaira (kana kupisa exchanger); Inogona kuita kuti tembiricha yesimbi yepombi madziro muchikamu chechiyero chakanyanya kukwira, ikonzere kuti simba resimbi riderere, zvekuti pasi pekuita kwekumanikidza mupombi, pachava nekushanduka kwenzvimbo yepombi, bulge, uye kunyange kukonzera tsaona dzakakomba sekuputika kwechubhu. Kuwedzera kwete kungoisa pangozi kushanda kwakachengeteka, asiwo kunoderedza zvikuru hupfumi hwemagetsi emagetsi. Semuyenzaniso, kana paine 1mm gobvu chiyero mueconomizer yebhailer yesimba rinopisa simba, kushandiswa kwemafuta kuri 1.5% ~ 2.0% kupfuura yekutanga. Naizvozvo, kudzivirira zvinobudirira kana kuderedza scaling kunoburitsa mabhenefiti makuru ehupfumi. Mukuwedzera, kunaka kwemvura yemvura inotenderera kwakashata, uye kuyera mu condenser ye turbine ye steam kuchaita kuti kuderedzwa kwevacuum degree ye condenser, nokudaro kuderedza kushanda kwekushisa uye kubuda kwemhepo yemhepo. Kuyera kweiyo superheater kuchaita kuti tembiricha yemhepo isasvike pakukosha kwekugadzira, izvo zvinoderedza hupfumi hwese thermal system. Mushure mekuyera kwemidziyo yekupisa, basa rekuchenesa rinofanira kuitwa nenguva, iyo ichavhara michina uye kuderedza maawa ekushandiswa kwegore kwemidziyo; Mukuwedzera, basa uye mari yekugadzirisa inofanira kuwedzerwa.
2. Kuora kwemidziyo yekupisa uye hurongwa hwayo: simbi yemidziyo inopisa mumagetsi emagetsi inowanzosangana nemvura. Kana mhando yemvura isina kunaka, inokonzeresa kuparara kwesimbi, senge pombi yekupa mvura, marasha saver, evaporator, hita, superheater uye pombi yekutsinhana kupisa ye steam turbine condenser, ichasvibiswa nekuda kwekushata kwemvura. Corrosion haingopfupiki hupenyu hwebasa remidziyo pachayo, asiwo inokonzera kurasikirwa kwehupfumi. Uyezve, iyo corrosion product inotamirwa mumvura, iyo inowedzera kusvibiswa mumvura, nekudaro ichiwedzera iyo scaling process pamusoro pekudziya kwepamusoro-soro mutoro, uye kuyera kunowedzera kukwirisa corrosion yechoto chubhu. Kutenderera kwakashata uku kunogona kukurumidza kutungamirira kukuputika kwechubhu uye dzimwe tsaona.
3. Kuunganidzwa kwemunyu muchikamu chekutenderera kwe superheater uye turbine yemvura: kunaka kwemvura kwakashata kuchaitawo kuti mhepo inyunguduke uye itakure tsvina (kunyanya Na+ neHSi03- ions) kuwedzera, tsvina iyi ichaiswa muchikamu chekutenderera chemhepo, senge superheater uye turbine yemhepo, chiitiko ichi chinonzi kuunganidza munyu. Iko kuunganidzwa kwemunyu mune superheater chubhu kunogona kukonzera simbi chubhu madziro kupisa kana kuputika. Ivhavha ichavharwa zvakasununguka nekuda kwekuunganidzwa kwemunyu, uye kuunganidzwa kwemunyu mumhepo yemhepo inoderedza zvakanyanya kubuda uye kushanda kweiyo turbine yehutsi. Kunyangwe huwandu hushoma hwekuunganidza munyu huchawedzera zvakanyanya kushorwa kwekutenderera kwemhepo, kuitira kuti kubuda kweiyo steam turbine kuderera. Kana kuunganirwa kwemunyu kwemhepo turbine kwakakomba, kunowedzerawo mutoro wekusundira uye kukotamisa chinoparadzanisa, zvichikonzera kuvharika kwetsaona.
Muchidimbu, kuoma kwakanyanya kwemvura, zvichiratidza kuti izvo zviri mucalcium uye magnesium ion zvakakura, zviri nyore kukonzeresa iyo boiler yega yega inopisa pamusoro, dhiramu uye pombi madziro kuyera uye ngura, mwenje unokanganisa mafambiro ekupisa, inorema inokonzeresa boiler chubhu kuputika, kusvibiswa kwemvura kunotakurwa nemhepo kune superheater uye turbine yeutsi, zvinokonzeresa kuunganidzwa kwemunyu, zvichikonzera kukuvadza kuyerera kwechikamu. PH kukosha indekisi yekutonga acidity uye alkalinity yemhando yemvura, PH kukosha =-l0g(hydrogen ion concentration mumhinduro, mol/L). Zviri mukati mezvose H+ uye OH- mumvura yakachena ndeye 1x10-7mol/L, saka iyo PH = 7. Kana asidhi yakanyungudutswa mumvura, yakadai sehydrochloric acid HCI, H + concentration ichawedzera, iyo yakakura yeH + concentration, iyo duku iyo PH kukosha, PH 7 i alkaline mvura yemhando. Mvura inobatwa nemakemikari nzira (ion exchange) inoratidza alkaline isina simba (PH = 8.8 ~ 9.2). Mvura ine acidic isina kusimba inokanganisa simbi; Kushandisa isina simba alkaline mvura, ine zvakanakira passivating simbi uye mhangura pamusoro, saka kuti hazvisi nyore kuti ngura, uye kudzivirira simbi chiyero uye mhangura chiyero kubva kuumba pamusoro bhaira uye kupisa exchanger.
Nzira yekuchenesa mvura
Iyo nzira yekurapa mvura yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri zvikuru, chikamu chekutanga ndechekunyorovesa kwemvura maitiro, chechipiri chikamu chemakemikari desalination. Physical softened water process: mvura yakasvibira (inozivikanwawo semvura yakasvibirira) kubva kunetiweki yemvura yemiti, kuburikidza ne quartz sand filter, activated carbon filter kuti ibvise zvimedu zvakasimba uye tsvina yakamiswa mumvura yakasvibirira, inonzi mvura yakajekeswa; Mvura yakajekeswa inozobviswa nereverse osmosis mudziyo kubvisa akawanda e calcium uye magnesium ion uye kuva mvura yakapfava. Kemikari desalination process: iyo mvura yakapfava kuburikidza nekabhoni yekubvisa mudziyo, bvisa kabhoni dhaokisaidi mumvura (yakanyatso kunzi HC03-), uye ipapo kuburikidza nemubhedha wakavhenganiswa, bvisa yakasara calcium, magnesium, sodium, silicate uye mamwe anokuvadza ion mumvura, inova desalination, ndiko kuti, bhaira rinopa mvura, yakachengetwa mu desalination yemvura tangi, uye pakupedzisira kuburikidza ne desalination pombi mubhailer.
Reverse osmosis tekinoroji musimba rekudyara mvura kurapwa
Reverse osmosis inonyanya kureva kushandiswa kwe membrane yekuparadzanisa tekinoroji kurapa mvura, iyo ine hunhu hwepamusoro desalination mwero, kushanda kwakasimba uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri mazhinji. Iyo yakakosha ye reverse osmosis tekinoroji application iri mune reverse osmosis membrane, iyo inogadzirwa nemhando yepolymer zvinhu uye ine yakasarudzika semi-permeable firimu. Pasi pekuita kwekumanikidza kwekunze, mvura iri mumhinduro inogona kuumba yakasarudzika permeation phenomenon ine zvimwe zvikamu, uye wozoona chinangwa chekuchenesa, kupatsanura uye kuisa pfungwa. Iko kushandiswa kwereverse osmosis tekinoroji mukurapa kwemvura yezvidyarwa zvemagetsi kunogona kuwana mhedzisiro iri nani, uye kuona kuchengetedzwa kwezviwanikwa zvemvura uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza. Iri bepa rinotanga rataura musimboti uye hunhu hwe reverse osmosis membrane tekinoroji, rozoongorora mashandisiro anoita reverse osmosis tekinoroji mumagetsi ekugadzira mvura kurapwa, uye pakupedzisira rinokurukura nyaya dzemashandisirwo ekutarisa reverse osmosis tekinoroji.
Nheyo ye reverse osmosis
Reverse osmosis ndiko kushandiswa kwesimba rakakwana rekuita kuti chinonyungudutsa chigadzirise kuburikidza nereverse osmosis membrane, uye yobva yapatsanurwa kunze, gwara rinopesana negwara reosmosis, rinofanira kushandiswa kupatsanura, kuchenesa uye kutarisisa mhinduro nekumanikidza kwakanyanya kupfuura reverse osmosis nzira. Nekuti saizi yepore ye reverse osmosis membrane yakanyanya kudiki, kushandiswa kwayo kunogona kuve kwakanaka kwazvo pakubvisa yakanyungudika munyu uye colloids, mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi uye imwe organic zvinhu mumvura. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chekuparadzanisa che reverse osmosis membrane ndiyo ion mumushonga, uye kubvisa kunobudirira kwemunyu mumvura kunogona kuwanikwa pasina kushandiswa kwemakemikari, uye chiyero chekubvisa munyu chinogona kusvika kupfuura 98 muzana.
Hunhu hwe reverse osmosis tekinoroji
Reverse osmosis tekinoroji iko kushandiswa kweiyo musimboti we reverse osmosis kuwana kucheneswa uye kusungirirwa kwemhinduro, ine maitiro ekuparadzanisa eiyo huru ding ine zvinotevera hunhu: (1) Iyo dhigirii yeautomation inounzwa nereverse osmosis tekinoroji yakakwira, uye mashandisiro esimba anogadzirwa nayo akadzikira munzira dzakasiyana siyana. Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti simba rekufambisa rinoshandiswa mukugadziriswa kwemvura ndiko kudzvanywa kwemvura. Pasi pemamiriro ekushisa kwekamuri uye pasina kuchinja kwechikamu, inogona kudiwa kuparadzanisa solvent uye solute, kurasikirwa kwezvikamu zvinoshanda zvishoma, uye zvakakodzera chaizvo kuparadzanisa uye kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvinopisa zvinopisa. Kuenzaniswa nechikamu chekuchinja kwekuparadzanisa nzira, kushandiswa kwesimba kwakaderera. ② Hapana chikonzero chekutora matanho ekuvandudza, nokuti nzira yekurapa ndeyekuita kwemuviri, haizoshandisi kune zvinhu zvemakemikari, chigadzirwa hachizosvibiswa. (3) Zvinhu zve reverse osmosis membrane uye kugadzikana kwayo, mukushanda kwekushanda hazvizooneki kuchinja kwechikamu, kunoitwa pasi pemamiriro ekushisa, uye chiyero chekubvisa chetsvina chakanyanya kukwirira. (4) Reverse osmosis midziyo inogona kuona mashandisirwo emhando yemvura yakasvibira, chimiro chese chemidziyo chiri nyore, uye mashandiro acho ari nyore uye anochinjika zvakanyanya, chiyero chekugadzirisa chine kumwe kuchinjika, uye kana kuenderera mberi kwekushanda kana kushanda kwepakati kunogona kuve. ⑤ Inogona kuwana hupfumi huri nani. Mutengo we reverse osmosis system mukushanda wakaderera zvakanyanya uye mari yacho inogona kudzoserwa munguva pfupi.
Kushanda kwekushandisa reverse osmosis tekinoroji mune simba rekudyara mvura kurapwa
1.Kudzokorodza uye kushandiswa kwesuweji inotonhorera inotenderera mvura inotonhorera inoshandiswa mumagetsi emagetsi anopisa inotora chikamu che70% yehuwandu hwekushandiswa kwemvura yemagetsi emagetsi, saka kudzokorodza kwayo uye kushandiswa kune zvakakosha zvakakosha zvakakosha, izvo zvinogona kuona kuchengetedzwa kwemvura shoma. Mumakore achangopfuura, zvinodiwa nenyika zvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza zviri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kuiswa kwezviratidziro zvine chekuita nekubuda kwemvura yakasviba kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera kuomarara, izvo zvinotungamira kukuwedzera kukuru kwemutengo wemagetsi emagetsi mukugadziriswa kwemvura yakasviba. Iko kushandiswa kwereverse osmosis tekinoroji inogona kuona kushandiswazve kwemvura yetsvina. Yakasanganiswa nekushanda chaiko kwemidziyo yakasiyana-siyana musimba remagetsi, mvura inowanikwa nereverse osmosis tekinoroji inogona kushandiswa mumvura yekuwedzera yemvura inotonhorera inotenderera, uye ine hunhu hwekuchengetedza uye kuvimbika. Mushure mekushandiswa kwereverse osmosis tekinoroji, huwandu hwemvura hwemvura inotenderera hwakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya, iyo turbidity yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya, uye kuwedzera kwemvura kwakaderedzwawo zvakanyanya. Nekudaro, parizvino, reverse osmosis tekinoroji ichaburitsa mutengo wakakura wekurapa kwemvura, uye mari yekudyara yakakura zvakanyanya kupfuura nzira yekucheneswa kwemvura kubva mumuviri wemvura chaiwo. Zvisinei, nokuti inogona kubata mvura yakasvibiswa panguva imwe chete, kudyara kwemari yezvakatipoteredza kunogona kuderedzwa, uye zviwanikwa zvemvura zvinoumbawo kumwe kuchengetedza, saka mari yakazara inova pachena. Yakawana yakakwira dhigirii rekubatana kwezvehupfumi mabhenefiti, mabhenefiti emagariro uye mabhenefiti ezvakatipoteredza.
2.Waste liquid treatment ye boiler pickling Zvichienderana netsvakiridzo yekuenzanisa kuyedza pakurapa kwe pickling tsvina yemvura muchirimwa chemagetsi, munyori anoenzanisa uye anoongorora maitiro ekurapa kwe low pressure composite membrane, cellulose acetate membrane uye membrane yemvura yegungwa nekushandisa reverse osmosis tekinoroji uye kutenderera kwemaitiro, uye obva awana zvinotevera mhedziso: pakati peiyo matatu reverse membrane, seamosis yemvura yakanakisa kuita. Naizvozvo, iyo yakanyanya kufanirwa reverse osmosis kurapwa kwe boiler pickling tsvina yemvura yegungwa membrane, iko kushandiswa kwekurapa ndiyo nzira yekutenderera. Kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwereverse osmosis tekinoroji mukurapwa kweboiler pickling tsvina yemvura mumagetsi emagetsi, inogona kuwana mhedzisiro yakanaka uye kuzadzisa chinangwa chinotarisirwa. Nzira yakanakisa yekugadzirisa tsvina ye citric acid mubhailer ndeyokuti: mushure mokunge tsvina ye citric acid inotanga kuiswa ne reverse osmosis, inogona kubudiswa kana kushandiswa zvakare. Mushure mekubvisa simbi, inopfapfaidzwa yakaomeswa, uyezve kudzoreredzwa kwe sodium citrate munyu kunoitika. Iko kushandiswa kweiyo tekinoroji yekurapa kunogona kugadzirisa kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kunokonzerwa neasidhi yekugeza tsvina mvura mubhailer, uye ine zvakanaka kwazvo zvemagariro uye zvehupfumi.3.Comprehensive treatment of wastewater Kugadziriswa kwemvura yakasviba mumiti yemagetsi ipurojekiti yakarongeka, iyo inonyanya kusanganisira zvikamu zviviri zvinokosha: tsvina yekudzorera uye kurapwa. Reverse osmosis tekinoroji inoshandiswa mukugadzira tsvina yemvura, uye yakadzoreredzwa tsvina yemumba, yakapfupikiswa mvura, asidhi uye alkali tsvina yemvura uye nzvimbo yekugezesa mvura, nezvimwewo. Mvura yavo yakasanganiswa ine acidic. Mushure mekushaya simba kweasidhi kurapwa, inogona kuoneka kudzosera kurapwa kweosmosis, uye sosi yemvura mushure mekurapwa uku inogona kuiswa zvakananga. Kushandiswa kweiyi nzira haingodzikisi kudiwa kwemvura kumunda wemagetsi, asi zvakare kunobatsira zvikuru kudzokorodza zviwanikwa zvemvura mugwenya remagetsi, uyezve zvinoita kuti bhizinesi riwane budiriro inoenderera.
Chengetedzo yekushandiswa kwereverse osmosis tekinoroji
Kusarudzwa kwechishandiso Pakusarudza yekutanga reverse osmosis membrane, hunhu hweiyo inlet mvura yemhando inofanirwa kuverengerwa. Kana ichinge yaiswa mukurapa kwemvura yakasviba, iyo anti-kusvibisa membrane inofanirwa kushandiswa, kana mamwe matanho ekurapa kusvibiswa anofanira kushandiswa. Iyo tembiricha yemvura yakagadzirwa ine simba guru pagoho remvura. Huwandu hwemvura hwemembrane element hunofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti goho remvura rinogona kusvika pachiyero chakagadzirirwa kana uchishanda munzvimbo yakadzikira yekushisa kwemvura. Kana Yakajairwa REVERSE OSMOSIS MVURA yekurapa mudziyo wakagadzirirwa kushandiswa, Iyo yakanyanya inlet kudzvanywa kwekutanga kushanda kweREVERSE osmosis muviri inofanira kunge iri pasi pe1.5 MPA. Mukugadzira uye kushandiswa kweiyo reverse osmosis mudziyo wekubvisa mvura yegungwa, iyo yakanyanya kupinza yekumanikidza inounzwa nekutanga kushanda kweiyo reverse osmosis muviri isingasviki 6.9 MPA. Iyo yekusefa yekumhanyisa yakagadzirirwa iyo sefa chinhu haifanirwe kunge yakakurisa. Kana inogona kunge iri mukushanda kwakajairika kwenguva yakareba, kutenderera kutenderera kwesefa hakufanirwe kunge kwakakwira kupfuura mwedzi mitatu.
Performance parameters ye reverse osmosis mudziyo panguva yekushanda
Maererano neKUDZIDZWA kwedambudziko rekare reREVERSE OSMOsis, maitiro ekushanda (desalination rate uye recovery rate, nezvimwewo) yeREVERSE OSMOsis unit iri kushanda inofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvechibvumirano. Kazhinji, chiyero che desalination chinofanira kunge chakakura kupfuura 98 muzana uye chiyero chekudzoreredza chinofanira kunge chakakura kupfuura 75 muzana mugore rekutanga. Kugadzirwa kwemvura kunofanira kusangana nemitemo yenyika pasi pemamwe mamiriro ekushisa kwemvura, uye vheji yevharuvhu inofanira kunge yakanyanyisa. Muzvese, indasitiri yemagetsi ndiyo indasitiri yekutanga inopa emhando yepamusoro simba remagetsi rePeople's Daily life, iro rine kukosha kukuru kune kuvandudzwa kwemararamiro evanhu uye kukura kwehupfumi. Iko kushandiswa kweiyo reverse osmosis tekinoroji musimba rekudyara mvura kurapwa kwakagadzira mhedzisiro yakanaka, kureva, kuderedza kuitika kwekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, asiwo kuwana kuchengetedzwa kwezviwanikwa zvemvura. Iyo reverse osmosis mudziyo tekinoroji inosanganiswa neiyo chaiyo mamiriro emagetsi chirimwa chekugadzirisa mvura, uyezve mutengo wezvinhu zvinoshandiswa nereverse osmosis tekinoroji unoderedzwa, kushandiswa kwepasirese kwereverse osmosis tekinoroji mumagetsi emagetsi kunoitika, uye kukohwa kaviri kwehupfumi nemagariro mabhenefiti emagetsi emagetsi anoitika.