Revolutionize isiSombululo sokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka aseFama ngeXinjieyuan: Ukugcina Iindleko kunye nokuKhusela iNdawo
2024-10-30
Revolutionize isiSombululo sokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka aseFama ngeXinjieyuan: Ukugcina Iindleko kunye nokuKhusela iNdawo
Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini le-aquaculture, ingxaki yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka efama iye yanda kakhulu. Amanzi amdaka asefama aqulathe ukugxila okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo, i-ammonia nitrogen, i-nitrite, i-nitrate, i-phosphorus kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo. Ukuba ikhutshwe ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle konyango olusebenzayo, iya kubangela ukungcoliseka okukhulu kokusingqongileyo.
Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi amdaka asefama
Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonelela ngesisombululo samanzi amdaka asefama senzululwazi, esisebenzayo kunye nokusingqongileyo.
1.Yintoni amanzi amdaka asefama?
Amanzi amdaka asezifama ngamanzi amdaka aveliswa yimisebenzi yasefama efana neehagu, iinkomo, iinkukhu, intlanzi, njl. Amanzi amdaka asefama anezondlo ezininzi ezinje ngephosphates, nitrate, kunye ne-organic compounds, kodwa aqulethe izinto ezininzi eziyityhefu ezifana neebhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, kunye neentsimbi ezinzima.
Amanzi amdaka asefama
Amanzi amdaka asefama awachaphazeli kuphela imekobume yamanzi, kodwa akwachaphazela nokusingqongileyo komhlaba ngenxa yokufumba kwezinto eziyityhefu emhlabeni. Ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka asezifama kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukungcoliseka kwendalo kunye nokugcina izixhobo ezicocekileyo.
2.Iimpawu zamanzi amdaka asefama
Amanzi amdaka asefama ikakhulu aqulunqwe ngumchamo wasefama, ilindle elithile kunye nokugungxulwa kwamanzi aphuma kwindlu yokufuya, kwaye aneempawu "zemiphakamo emithathu": uxinaniso oluphezulu lwendalo, ukugxininiswa kwezinto eziqinileyo ezixhonywe kakhulu kunye noxinzelelo olukhulu lwe-ammonia nitrogen. Iimpawu zamanzi amdaka efama zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwezilwanyana ezikhuliswe kunye nemisebenzi enxulumene nokuzala. Kodwa iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zamanzi amdaka asefama kukuba anevumba elibi, umbala oxubileyo kwaye aqulethe izinto ezininzi eziqinileyo, ezibandakanya ilindle, ukutya okugqithisileyo kunye nobunye ukungcola. Amanzi amdaka akwanezondlo eziphezulu, ezinokuthi zibangele "i-blue algae", nto leyo enciphisa umthamo we-oksijini emanzini kwaye ibangele ityhefu kwizinto eziphilayo zasemanzini. Ezi mpawu zenza ukuba ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka asefama kube nzima kwaye kufuna ubugcisa nezixhobo ezichongiweyo.
3.Iinkcukacha zobuchwephesha bamanzi amdaka asuka kwiifama zemfuyo
Ulawulo nokuphathwa kwamanzi amdaka asefama kulawulwa ngokweenkcukacha zobugcisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kwenziwa ngokuhambelana nenkqubo kwaye kuphunyezwa umgangatho owamkelekileyo wamanzi amdaka. Imigaqo yobuchwephesha kumanzi amdaka efama ikhutshwe nguMphathiswa wezoLimo kunye noPhuhliso lwasemaPhandleni ngokuhambelana neNombolo ye-40/2015/ND-CP kunye neSetyhula ye-25/2016/TT-BNNPTNT.
Ke ngoko, imigangatho yamanzi amdaka efama ibandakanya:
| Uxinzelelo lweoksijini enyibilikileyo (DO): | Ubuncinci 3mg/l |
| Uxinzelelo lwe-Ammonia (NH3-N): | Akukho ngaphezu kwe-20mg / l |
| Uxinzelelo lweNitrate (NO3-N): | Akukho ngaphezu kwe-50mg / l |
| Uxinzelelo lweNitrite (NO2-N): | Akukho ngaphezu kwe-3mg/l |
| Iyonke inxinaniso yentsimbi enzima: | Akukho ngaphezu kwe-0.5mg / l |
| Ugxininiso lweSulfate: | Akukho ngaphezu kwe-1000mg/l |
| I-TSS (izinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo) | Akukho ngaphezu kwe-600mg/l |
Zininzi iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka ukunciphisa iimpembelelo ezingalunganga zamanzi amdaka kokusingqongileyo.
Nazi iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokunyanga amanzi amdaka asefama:
Unyango lomzimba: Le ndlela isebenzisa iinkqubo zomzimba ukwahlula izinto ezingcolisayo kumanzi amdaka. Iinkqubo zomzimba zibandakanya ukuchithwa, ukuhluzwa, kunye neenkqubo zokwahlula.
Idama lentlenga
Izixhobo ze-MRB
Unyango lweMichiza: Le ndlela isebenzisa imichiza ukucoca, ukususa ivumba, kunye nokususa ungcoliseko kumanzi amdaka asefama. Iikhemikhali ezifana ne-oxidants, i-reductants, i-flocculants, kunye ne-detergents zisebenza kwizinto ezingcolileyo ukuze zibangele ukuba zidibanise zibe ngamasuntswana amakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukwahlula. Iinkqubo zonyango lwekhemikhali zihlala zisetyenziselwa kunye nezinye iindlela zokufumana iziphumo ezingcono.
Bioremediation: I-Bioremediation isebenzisa ii-microorganisms ukudiliza kunye nokususa ukungcola kumanzi amdaka asefama. Ii-Microorganisms ezifana neebhaktheriya kunye neebhaktheriya ezivelisa i-nitrate ziyakwazi ukugaya izinto eziphilayo kunye ne-nitrogen emanzini amdaka, ziguqule zibe zizinto ezingenayo ityhefu kunye nezingangcolisi. Iinkqubo zeBioremediation ziquka iitanki ze-bioremediation, iitanki ze-bioremediation, kunye neetanki zokunyanga udaka lwe-bioremediation.
Itekhnoloji yeMembrane: Ubuchwephesha beMembrane busebenzisa iimembrane ukususa izinto ezingcolisayo kunye nokwahlula amanzi acocekileyo kumanzi amdaka asefama. Iimembranes ziyakwazi ukuvala amasuntswana kunye nezinto eziqinileyo kodwa zivumela amanzi kunye neemolekyuli ezincinci ukuba zidlule. Itekhnoloji yeMembrane isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka efama, njengeenkqubo zonyango lwe-membrane yezixhobo (MBR) kunye neenkqubo zokucocwa kodaka oluphezulu (EBPR).
Unyango olukwinqanaba eliphezulu lobuchwephesha: kusetyenziswa ubugcisa obuphezulu obufana nebhaktiriya ye-aerobic, unyango lwe-microbial application, ukukhupha ivumba kunye ne-oxidation ukunyanga amanzi amdaka asefama ngeendlela eziphucukileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe.
4.Umzobo wenkqubo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka asefama
Ukukunceda uqonde ngcono inkqubo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka asefama, ngezantsi ngumzobo ochaza inkqubo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka ehagu.
Itshathi yokuHamba yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka
Inyathelo 1: Ukulungiswa koomatshini
Inyathelo lokuqala kwinkqubo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kukususa izinto eziqinileyo ezinqunyanyisiweyo kumanzi amdaka kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezibonakalayo ezifana nezihluzi, ii-pressure cutters, kunye nemingxuma yokuqokelela eqinileyo. Emva kokudlula kwezi zixhobo, amanzi amdaka aya kwaziswa kwitanki yebhayoloji.
Izihluzi zenkqubo yamanzi amdaka
Inyathelo lesi-2: Inkqubo yonyango lwebhayoloji
Kwitanki yebhayoloji, izinto zendalo ezifana nesanti, ilitye okanye umhlaba zisetyenziswa njengendawo yokuhlala yebhaktheriya. Iintsholongwane zinyanga amanzi amdaka ngokubolisa izinto eziphilayo kunye nokuguqula izinto eziyityhefu zibe zizinto ezingeyiyo ityhefu.
Inyathelo lesi-3: Inkqubo yonyango lwemichiza
Emva kokuba amanzi amdaka edlula kwi-reactor ye-biological, ifakwe kwi-tank yonyango lweekhemikhali, apho iikhemikhali ezifana ne-chlorine okanye i-ozone zisetyenziselwa ukususa izondlo kunye nokubulala ibhaktheriya.
Inyathelo lesi-4: Inkqubo yeNsimbi enzima yeSedimentation
Ekugqibeleni, amanzi amdaka aya kungena kwiTanki yePoly Heavy Metal Sedimentation ukuze kususwe uninzi lwezinto eziyityhefu eziseleyo. Eli tanki lisebenzisa iikhemikhali kunye nenkqubo yentlenga ukususa isinyithi esinzima esikhoyo kumanzi amdaka.
5.IFama yaseXinjieyuan iTekhnoloji yokucoca amanzi amdaka kunye nezixhobo
Kwinkqubo yayo yonyango lokukhuselwa kwendalo, iNkampani yeXinjieyuan ithatha ngokucwangcisiweyo iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezifana nonyango lomzimba, unyango lwekhemikhali, i-bioremediation, itekhnoloji ye-membrane kunye nonyango oluphezulu lwetekhnoloji ukwenza inkqubo yonyango esebenzayo nebanzi. Inkqubo yohlulwe ngokwenqanaba lonyango, inqanaba lonyango lwebhayoloji kunye nenqanaba lonyango olunzulu. Inqanaba ngalinye lenziwe ngononophelo kwaye lichazwe ngokweenkcukacha ukuqinisekisa ukuba inyathelo ngalinye lokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka lifikelela esona siphumo silungileyo.
Iprojekthi yesixokelelwano samanzi amdaka e-xjy
Inqanaba lonyango lwangaphambili
1. Ukuhluzwa kwegridi: Ngokumisela iigridi, amasuntswana amakhulu amisiweyo kunye nezinto ezidadayo kumanzi amdaka ziyabanjwa ukuthintela ukuba zingangeni kwikhonkco lonyango elilandelayo. Ubungakanani be-gap yegridi ihlengahlengiswa ngokweempawu zamanzi amdaka ukuze kuqinisekiswe umphumo wokucoca.
2. Ukwenziwa kwentlenga kwitanki yentlenga: Ukusebenzisa umxhuzulane, amasuntswana angekhoyo, amasuntswana esanti, njl. njl Ngexesha elifanayo, izibonelelo zokukhupha isanti zisekwe ukuququzelela ukucocwa kwentlenga.
3. Ulawulo lwetanki lolawulo: Itanki elawulayo isetyenziselwa ukulungisa umgangatho wamanzi, umthamo wamanzi kunye nobushushu bamanzi ukubonelela ngeemeko zokungena kwamanzi ezizinzileyo kunyango lwebhayoloji olulandelayo. Seta isixhobo sokushukumisa ukunqanda ukuvela kwentlenga.
Isigaba sonyango lwebhayoloji
1. I-Anaerobic digestion: Phantsi kweemeko ze-anaerobic okanye i-hypoxic, i-anaerobic microorganisms isetyenziselwa ukubola i-macromolecular organic matter emanzini amdaka ibe yi-molecular organic matter kunye ne-inorganic matter. I-biogas eveliswe kule nkqubo ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane okanye ukufudumeza ukuphumeza ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izixhobo.
2. Unyango lwe-Aerobic: Phantsi kweemeko ze-aerobic, i-aerobic microorganisms isetyenziselwa i-oxidize ngokupheleleyo kwaye ibolise i-organic matter kumanzi amdaka kwi-carbon dioxide nasemanzini. Ubuchwephesha obusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo bubandakanya indlela ye-sludge esebenzayo, indlela ye-biofilm, njl., ezineenzuzo zesiphumo esihle sonyango kunye nokuzinza okuqinileyo.
3. Inkqubo edibeneyo: Ngenxa yobunzima bamanzi amdaka asefama, indibaniselwano yeenkqubo ze-"anaerobic + aerobic", ezifana ne-SBR, A/O, SBBR, njl., zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukususa ngokufanelekileyo izinto ezingcolisayo ezifana ne-organic matter, i-ammonia nitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus.
Inqanaba lonyango olunzulu
1.Coagulation kunye nentlenga: Coagulants (ezifana polyaluminium chloride, polyacrylamide, njl.) zongezwa kumanzi amdaka ukujiya amasuntswana colloidal kunye nombandela inqunyanyisiwe ibe ngamasuntswana amakhulu, kwaye ke imvula kwaye zahlukane ngokusebenzisa iitanki sedimentation ukususa umbala, turbidity kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Itanki yentlenga
Isanti yequartz eyenziwe yasebenza ikharbhon filter
I-2.I-Filtration: Sebenzisa izinto ezinobungozi ezifana nesanti ye-quartz kunye nekhabhoni esebenzayo ukuze uthintele izinto ezimisiweyo, i-colloidal particles kunye ne-microorganisms kumanzi amdaka phezu komhlaba okanye kwi-pores yezinto eziphathekayo ukuqhubela phambili ukucoca umgangatho wamanzi.
3. Ukubulala iintsholongwane: Sebenzisa i-ultraviolet disinfection, i-chlorine disinfection kunye nezinye iindlela zokubulala ii-microorganisms ze-pathogenic kunye namaqanda e-parasite kumanzi amdaka ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwamanzi amdaka.
Izixhobo eziphambili
1. Umatshini wesikrini: usetyenziselwa ukunqumla amasuntswana amakhulu amisiweyo kumanzi amdaka.
2. Igumbi le-Grit: Imvula yendalo ye-inorganic particles kunye neentlabathi zesanti.
3. Itanki yokulawula: Ixhotyiswe ngesixhobo esishukumisayo ukulungisa umgangatho wamanzi, umthamo wamanzi kunye nobushushu bamanzi.
4. I-Anaerobic reactor (efana ne-UASB): unyango lwe-anaerobic digestion.
5. I-Aerobic reactor (efana ne-activated sludge tank, biofilm reactor): unyango lwe-aerobic.
6. Itanki yentlenga yokudibanisa: Yongeza i-coagulant ye-coagulation kunye nentlenga.
7. Isihluzo: Sebenzisa izinto ezifana nesanti yequartz kunye nekhabhoni esebenzayo yokuhluza.
8. Izixhobo zokubulala iintsholongwane: ezifana ne-ultraviolet disinfector, i-chlorine dosing device, njl.
6. Xinjieyuan epheleleyo inkqubo chain
1. Ukuqokelelwa kwamanzi amdaka: Qokelela amanzi amdaka kwiifama ukuya kwinkqubo yokucoca.
2. Unyango lwangaphambili: Susa izinto eziqinileyo ezinkulu ezimisiweyo, amasuntswana angabonakaliyo kwaye uhlengahlengise umgangatho wamanzi kumanzi amdaka ngokucoca isikrini, intlenge yegrit chamber kunye nokulawula ukulawulwa kwetanki.
3. Unyango lwebhayoloji: Sebenzisa i-anaerobic digestion kunye ne-aerobic treatment edibeneyo yokususa izinto eziphilayo, i-ammonia nitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo kumanzi amdaka.
4. Unyango olunzulu: Ngokusebenzisa i-coagulation sedimentation, ukuhluzwa kunye neenkqubo zokubulala iintsholongwane, ukuphucula ngakumbi umgangatho wamanzi amdaka ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokukhupha.
5. Ukunyangwa kwe-sludge kunye nokulahla: Ugxininise, dehydrate, uzinzise kwaye uphathe ngokungenabungozi i-sludge eyenziwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyanga ukufezekisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo okanye ukulahla ngokukhuselekileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zamanzi amdaka e-xjy
7. Izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo kwinkqubo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka asefama
Izinto eziluncedo:
1. Ukusebenza kakuhle: Inkqubo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka isebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ukuphumeza ukusebenza kakuhle kokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wamanzi amdaka uhlangabezana nemigangatho.
2. Ugcino lweendleko: Nangona iindleko zokuqala zokwakha inkqubo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka zinokubiza kakhulu, ziya kongela imali ekuhambeni kwexesha kuba akukho mfuneko yokuqesha iinkonzo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka zangaphandle.
3. Ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwamanzi: Inkqubo yokucoca amanzi amdaka ingaphinda isebenzise amanzi amdaka acociweyo ngezinye iinjongo, njengokunkcenkceshela izityalo okanye ukwenza izichumisi.
Izinto ezingeloncedo:
Iindleko eziphezulu zotyalo-mali lwangaphambili: Ukwakha inkqubo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kufuna iindleko zotyalo-mali lwangaphambili, ngakumbi xa kusetyenziswa ubugcisa bale mihla obukhulayo.
Iimfuno eziphezulu zobugcisa: Kuba yinkqubo entsonkothileyo ebandakanya ubuchwephesha obuninzi obahlukeneyo, ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kwenkqubo yokucoca amanzi amdaka nako kufuna iqondo eliphezulu lobunjineli.
8.Isiphelo
Kwimeko yokunqongophala kwamanzi kunye nongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka efama kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni okusingqongileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa impilo yoluntu nokhuseleko. Itekhnoloji yale mihla yokunyanga amanzi amdaka asefama, afana neenkqubo zokucocwa kwebhayoloji, iikhemikhali kunye nemitha ye-ultraviolet, zibonakalisiwe zinciphisa ngokufanelekileyo umxholo wongcoliso kumanzi amdaka.
Kubalulekile ukukhetha i-Xinjieyuan (XJY), iyunithi enegama eliphezulu kwintsimi yoyilo lwenkqubo yokucoca amanzi amdaka kunye nokwakhiwa, ukukunceda ukuba wonge ezona ndleko kunye nexesha. Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, siqinisekisa ukuba imigangatho yokukhutshelwa kwamanzi amdaka iyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo efunwa ngumthetho.
