Isixazululo Sokwelapha Sokomisa Udaka:

Isimo sohlelo lokusebenza kanye nokuhlaziywa kwecala lenqubo yokumisa ifilimu emincane enezinyathelo ezimbili evundlile endaweni yokuphehla amandla okuqhunyiswa ngodaka.

Lesi sihloko sethula inqubo yezigaba ezimbili yomshini wokomisa udaka ovundlile wefilimu elincanyana ngokuningiliziwe, futhi sihlaziya ukwelashwa kodaka, iphrojekthi yokunwetshwa kokulahlwa kwe-bamboo Park njengesibonelo. Umshini wokomisa ifilimu emincane evundlile unomthamo omkhulu wokucutshungulwa okukodwa, ukuphepha okuphezulu, ukubekwa uphawu okuhle, igesi ekhipha umoya omncane, nendawo yokusebenzela enobungani. Ngokusekelwe ezinzuzweni zemishini yokumisa ifilimu enezingqimba emincane enezinyathelo ezimbili ekuphepheni, ekuguquguqukeni, ezomnotho nakwezinye izici, le nqubo yokomisa udaka isetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wokuxuba udaka kanye nokukhiqiza amandla okudubula, futhi ingasetshenziswa njengenye yezinqubo ezithandwayo zokwelashwa kodaka kanye namaphrojekthi wokulahlwa ezitshalweni zikagesi. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwedolobha, inani lokukhucululwa kwendle liyaqhubeka nokukhula, futhi inqubekelaphambili yokuthuthukiswa kwezikhungo zokuhlanza indle iyaqhubeka nokushesha, okuholela ekwandeni okukhulu kokuphuma kodaka. Ekupheleni konyaka wezi-2016, umthamo wokuhlanza indle waseShayina usufinyelele ezigidini eziyi-150 m/d, kanti inani eliphelele lodaka licishe libe ngamathani ayizigidi ezingama-30. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukuphuma kukadaka eShayina kuzodlula amathani ayizigidi ezingama-60 ngo-2020 ngokusekelwe kumswakama ongu-80%. Udaka olukhiqizwa ekuqoqweni nasekuhlanzweni kwendle yasemadolobheni lungaqukatha izinsimbi ezisindayo, amagciwane, amagciwane, ama-microorganisms kanye nenani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo ezinobuthi. Uma ingelashwa futhi ilahlwa ngendlela efanele, izodala ukungcoliswa kwesibili okubi kakhulu endaweni ezungezile futhi kubeke engozini impilo yabantu. Inkinga yokwelashwa kwe-sludge nokulahlwa kwayo isiphenduke inkinga evelele yemvelo ngaphansi kwesimo samanje. Njengamanje, izindlela eziyinhloko zokwelashwa kwe-sludge zifaka ukugxila, ukulinganisa, ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi, ukomisa, njll., ikakhulukazi ukugxilisa ingqondo, isimo kanye nokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi, izinga lokumisa lisesezingeni eliphansi. Ukulahlwa kodaka kubhekisela endaweni yokugcina yodaka ngemva kokwelashwa. Njengamanje, izindlela eziyinhloko zokulahla udaka zifaka ukulahlwa kwenhlanzeko, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokwakha ngemva kokushiswa, njll., phakathi kwazo ukulahlwa kwenhlanzeko kuyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yezindinganiso eziqinile ezikhulayo kanye nezinsiza zomhlaba ezitholakalayo ezilinganiselwe ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwelashwa nokulahlwa kokomisa nokushiswa kuya ngokuya kuvame.

Evundlile mncane ifilimu sludge omiswe inqubo ezimbili-isiteji

Ukomisa udaka kuyinqubo esebenzisa amandla okushisa noma ukushisa kwemfucuza yezimboni kanye nokushisa okulahlwayo okukhiqizwa ukushisa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi ukuze kuhwamuke ngokushesha amanzi odaka ngobuchwepheshe obukhethekile nezinto zokusebenza. Ukomiswa kwe-sludge kususa amanzi ku-sludge, ukuze kufezeke injongo yokomisa i-sludge, ukunciphisa umthamo we-sludge, ukuthuthukisa i-calorvalue ye-sludge, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuqaphela ukunciphisa nokuzinza kwe-sludge. Inqubo yokumisa udaka lwefilimu oluvundlile olunezigaba ezimbili ingenye yezinqubo ezijwayelekile zamaphrojekthi amakhulu okomisa udaka okwamanje, okuyinqubo yokomisa yokushisa engaqondile kusetshenziswa isitimu esigcwele noma uwoyela ohambisa ukushisa njengendawo yokushisa.

Imishini ebalulekile

Imishini ewumongo yenqubo yokumisa udaka lwefilimu enezingqimba ezimbili ingumshini wokomisa ifilimu ovundlile. Imikhiqizo ye-Xinjieyuan Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. ehlobene nemikhiqizo yezemvelo ibandakanya imikhakha ye-petrochemical, imithi, ukudla, imvelo namandla. Inkampani yakwaXinjieyuan inesikhungo esiphelele socwaningo nentuthuko yemikhiqizo kanye nesisekelo sokuhlola. Le nkampani ingumholi womhlaba ezixazululweni zokuhlukanisa ezishisayo zezinto ezixubene eziphikisayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhwamuka kwefilimu emincane, kanye nomholi ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhiqizweni kwemishini yokomisa izinto ze-viscosity ephezulu.

Isibalo sibonisa umdwebo wesakhiwo somshini wokomisa ifilimu omncane ovundlile. Umshini wokomisa ifilimu omncane ovundlile wakhiwe ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezintathu: igobolondo, i-rotor ne-blade, kanye nedivayisi yokushayela. Igobolondo liyisitsha sokucindezela, futhi ijazi legobolondo lingagcwaliswa ngesitimu esigcwele noma uwoyela ohambisa ukushisa njengendlela yokushisa yenqubo yokomisa udaka. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ziyinsimbi ye-boiler yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu elisezingeni laseYurophu. Udonga lwangaphakathi luyingxenye yokudlulisa ukushisa ekuthintaneni ne-sludge, ehlinzeka indawo enkulu yokushintshanisa ukushisa kanye nomthwali wengqimba encane ye-sludge. Ukumelana nokugqwala nokumelana nokugqoka kungcono kunezinye izinto; I-rotor iyi-shaft engenalutho ebalulekile, futhi ubuchwepheshe bayo obukhethekile bokucubungula bungaqinisekisa ukuthi i-rotor ayikhiqizi ukuphambuka ngenkathi ishisa futhi ijikeleza ngesivinini esikhulu, futhi ibanga phakathi komkhawulo wangaphandle we-blade nodonga lwangaphakathi lihlala ligcinwa ku-5-10mm. Ngaphansi kokujikeleza kwe-rotor nokumbozwa kwe-blade, i-sludge engena ekomisini izokwakha ungqimba oluncane olunamandla odongeni lwangaphakathi ngokufanayo, futhi ungqimba oluncane lwe-sludge luvuselelwa njalo. Iyaqhubeka nokoma njengoba iqhubekela phambili ngasekuphumeni.

Ukugeleza kwenqubo

Ngemva kokususwa kwamanzi kwe-decanter centrifuge, udaka olumanzi olunomswakama ongu-80% -85% luthuthelwa esiseleni esimanzi sodaka ngokuthuthwa kwemoto noma ngepayipi. Isisele sihlinzekwa ngohlaka lwesilayidi ukuvimbela udaka ekumiseni amabhuloho, futhi phansi kunikezwe isikulufu sokuthulula kanye nephampu yokuletha udaka emanzi.

Ipompo ehambisa udaka emanzi ihambisa udaka ekungeneni kwesomiso sefilimu esincanyana, futhi udaka olungena emshinini wokomisa ifilimu omncane lumbozwa phezu kodonga olushisayo ngensingo ku-rotor. I-blade ayiphenduki ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi ihlanganise i-sludge ebusweni bodonga olushisayo, kodwa futhi iphushele phambili endaweni yodaka. Kule nqubo, amanzi akudaka ayashiswa futhi ahwamuke abe isitimu samanzi, esinyakaza ngokuphambene ne-sludge ngaphakathi komshini wokomisa futhi singene ohlelweni lwe-exhaust gas condensation kusukela ku-exhaust tank ngaphezu kwe-sludge feeding port.

Ngemva kokuba igesi yomsila wokuhwamuka ekhiqizwa emshinini wokomisa ifilimu emincane ingena ohlelweni lokufingqa ngebhokisi lokukhipha umoya, iqala ingene ku-condenser. Ku-condenser, umusi wemfucumfucu ugezwa ngamanzi, futhi amanzi afingqiwe egesi yomsila wokuhwamuka. Inani elincane legesi elingajiki (into eshintshashintshayo emoyeni nodaka) likhishwa kusistimu yokomisa yisiphephetha-moya ngemva kokuhlukaniswa kwamaconsi ngesisetshenziswa esikhiphayo futhi sicutshungulwe ohlelweni lokuqeda iphunga noma isistimu yokushiswa. Inani legesi yokukhipha igesi ekhishwa yi-self-drying system lincane kakhulu, kuphela i-5% -10% yamanzi e-evaporation yesistimu. I-fan yegesi ephumayo yenza yonke isistimu yokomisa ibe esimweni esibi sokucindezela ukugwema ukuchichima kwephunga nothuli.

Udaka olomisiwe olunomswakama ongu-30% -40% okhiqizwa emshinini wokomisa ifilimu elincanyana luphinde lomiswe emshinini wokomisa olandelanayo olandelayo, futhi umswakama omncane ungamiswa ube ngu-5%. Lapho udaka olomile lugcinwa okwesikhashana, isibandisi se-sludge siyamiswa. I-sludge ngemva kokomiswa ngumshini wokomisa oqondile zipholiswa kuqala, futhi izinga lokushisa le-sludge liyehliswa libe ngaphansi kuka-50℃ ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha kanye nokuvimbela udaka ekushiseni noma ekushiseni okuzenzakalelayo. Bese ithunyelwa ku-sludge silo eyomile ukuze igcinwe nge-valve yokukhipha kanye ne-scraper conveyor ngokushintshana. Uma isistimu yokushiswa elandelayo ixhunyiwe, isistimu yokomisa ingaxhunywa ngokuqondile nesistimu yokushiswa kochungechunge ngokusebenzisa impahla yokuthutha. Izigaba ezimbili ezivundlile zenqubo yokomisa ifilimu elincanyana ingafinyelela imfuneko yokuzifaka wena mathupha ohlelweni ngokusebenzisa amanzi ahwamukayo odaka. Esimeni sokuqala kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo, umusi womfutho ophansi, amanzi ahlanzekile noma igesi ye-nitrogen isetshenziswa njengendlela yokungeniswa kwesistimu yokomisa. I-analyzer yokuqukethwe kwe-oxygen isethwe lapho kuphuma khona ithange lokukhipha umoya, futhi ukusebenza okuphephile nokuzinzile kwesistimu yokomisa udaka kungenziwa ngokulawula okuqukethwe komoyampilo ohlelweni lokomisa.

Izinzuzo zenqubo

I-1) Ukuphepha: ukungangeni kahle komoya kwesistimu yokomisa udaka lwefilimu elincanyana, hlala njalo ulondoloze ukucindezela okuncane okungalungile kwe--0.5 kuya ku-1kPa, akukho phunga nothuli oluchichimayo; Uhlelo lungakwazi ukuzenzela futhi lusethe izindlela ezihlukahlukene ze-inert, okuqukethwe komoyampilo kumaphrojekthi kamasipala kulawulwa ngaphansi kuka-5%; Izinga lokushisa lodaka elomisa endaweni yokomisa lingafinyelela ku-100℃, elingadlala indima ngokugcwele yokuvala inzalo futhi lihlangabezane nezinga le-EPA503 lekhodi yokulahla udaka ye-US Environmental Protection Agency. Asikho isigameko sokuphepha emlandweni wohlelo lokusebenza. I-2) Ukuzinza: kuphrojekthi yokushiswa kwe-sludge kanye namalahle wokubambisana, lapho okuqukethwe komswakama we-sludge engena ku-boiler yesitshalo samandla kukhulu, kulula ukuba nomthelela omubi kumshini wokubilisa, okungase kubangele umonakalo omkhulu wemishini. Okokuqala, udonga lwangaphakathi lwesithando somlilo luyagezwa futhi lugqokwe ngokungathí sina, kanti okwesibili kulula ukuholela ekuvinjweni kwesistimu yokuhambisa, okuholela ekuvaleni kwesithando somlilo. Inqubo yezigaba ezimbili yokomisa udaka lwefilimu elincanyana inomswakama ophansi we-sludge, futhi ingabona ukulungiswa okusheshayo komswakama we-sludge phakathi kuka-20% -33% ngokulungisa ukucindezela kwesitimu emshinini wokomisa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinqubo, inezinzuzo ezisobala futhi idlala indima enhle ekugcineni ukuzinza kwemishini yokuphehla amandla kanye nokusebenza kwegridi yamandla.

3) Okulula: ukufana kanye ne-granulation yemikhiqizo ye-sludge kungathuthukisa ukuzinza kokusebenza kukabhayela wezitshalo zamandla. Ezinye izinqubo zidinga ukwandisa ukuchotshozwa noma imishini ye-granulation, kuyilapho isomisi sefilimu esincane singaba yi-self-granulation, umkhiqizo ufana ne-granulation sludge, ngaphandle kwemishini eyengeziwe ye-granulation; Inombolo encane yemishini yokusiza, izinyathelo ezincane, ukusebenza okulula nokulawula; Akukho ukujikeleza kwegesi yenkampani yenethiwekhi, akukho ukuxubana kwe-sludge emuva; Ngokusho kwe-"Pressure Vessel Maintenance Regulations", zonke izinhlobo zemishini yokomisa zidinga ukuhlola udonga lwangaphakathi ngezikhathi ezithile, ukugcinwa komshini wokomisa ifilimu emincane ngaphandle kweminye imishini yokuphakamisa, ukugcinwa okulula nokuphumelelayo.

I-4) I-Flexible: uhla olubanzi lwesicelo, olufanele izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-sludge, lungamukela kumswakama wodaka we-65% -90% we-sludge emanzi; Inqubo yezigaba ezimbili ingakhiqiza noma yimuphi umkhiqizo onokuqukethwe okuqinile okufanayo. Isikhathi sokuqala, sokumisa kanye nokukhipha sifushane, futhi akukho msebenzi wokuhlanza odingekayo ukuze uqale futhi. 5) Umnotho: ukusebenza kahle kokuhwamuka okuphezulu. Kuphrojekthi ye-sludge co-incineration, isitimu sesizinda sikagesi singasetshenziswa ngokuqondile njengendawo yokushisa. Amanzi ahwamukayo ngemitha-skwele ngayinye yokomisa ungqimba oluncane angafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-45kg ngehora. Amaphrojekthi kamasipala angahlanganiswa nezinye izinhlelo (ezifana nesistimu yokugaya), angafinyelela ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu okungaphezulu kwama-80% wokuvuselela amandla okushisa; Izindleko zokulungisa eziphansi, ukuhlolwa okukodwa konyaka kuphela kwezinsuku ezi-5-10 ngonyaka; Iphunga lincane kakhulu, izindleko zokwelashwa eziphansi; Ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo ngokugcwele, izidingo zokuqapha eziphansi.

Ucwaningo oluyisibonelo lodaka oluvundlile lwefilimu elincanyana lokomisa inqubo enezigaba ezimbili endaweni yokukhiqiza amandla omlilo odaka

Umsebenzi wephrojekthi yokuhlanza udaka kanye nokunwetshwa kokulahlwa kwemfucumfucu yase-Shanghai Zhuyuan Area udaka oluchithiwe olukhiqizwe ukukhuculula indle kwesikhungo sokuqala nesesibili sase-Zhuyuan sokukhuculula indle esithuthukisiwe safinyelela ezingeni lokungcolile leBanga A kanye nokuthuthwa kwendle okungu-2.2 million m/d ngemva kokuphothulwa kwephrojekthi entsha yokuthuthukisa nokwengeza. Isilinganiso sokwakhiwa kwephrojekthi ngu-223tDS/d, okulingana nomthamo wodaka ongu-80% wokuqukethwe komswakamo ongu-1115t/d. Ukumiswa kwesikhungo kubheka isimo sokugcinwa komugqa wokushiswa kwesigaba sokuqala sephrojekthi, futhi isikali sokwelashwa esiphezulu sephrojekthi singu-288.5tDS/d, okulingana nomthamo wodaka ongu-80% wokuqukethwe komswakama 1442.5t/d. Umzila wenqubo yokwelapha udaka wamukela ungqimba oluncane lokumisa indlela enezigaba ezimbili + ukuxuba isitshalo samandla kanye nenqubo yokudubula. Udaka oluchithiwe olunomswakama ongu-80% luthuthelwa endaweni yokuhlanza udaka ngeloli lokulahla. Ngemuva kwesistimu yokwamukela nokugcina udaka, i-sludge emanzi iphonswa ohlelweni lokumisa udaka lwefilimu elincanyana, bese umswakama ojwayelekile wehliselwa ku-30% (ububanzi obulungisekayo obungama-20% ~ 30%) ngemuva kokwelashwa kwesistimu yokomisa. Udaka olomile olukhiqizwayo luthuthwa ngamaloli avaliwe ukuya e-Shanghai Waigaoqiao No. 2 Power Plant noma No. 3 Power Plant ukuze kushiswe kanyekanye ngamalahle.

Isibalo siwumdwebo wesistimu yokomisa udaka wephrojekthi yokunwetshwa kodaka kanye nokulahlwa kwendawo yaseZhuyuan. Ngemva kokuba iloli le-sludge lisindwe nge-weibridge, i-sludge emanzi ilahlwa emgqonyeni wokwamukela ongaphansi komhlaba, bese ithuthelwa emgqonyeni wokugcina udaka olumanzi ngohlelo lwephampu ye-plunger. Bese udaka olumanzi luthuthelwa emshinini wokomisa ifilimu elincanyana ngesikulufu sokuthulula kanye nephampu yesikulufu. I-sludge emanzi ingena emshinini wokomisa ifilimu emincane yesigaba sokuqala sokumisa, futhi udaka olomisiwe luwela emshinini wokomisa oqondile ngokusebenzisa i-chute. Udaka olomisiwe luphinde lomiswe emshinini wokomisa oqondile. Umswakama we-sludge ungaqedwa ngokushesha ebangeni lika-20% -33% ngokulungisa umfutho we-steam emshinini wokumisa. Ngemuva kwesigaba sesibili sokumisa, i-sludge ingena kusikulufa sokupholisa ukuze sipholise, bese sithuthelwa esiseleni esomile se-sludge ukuze sigcinwe okwesikhashana nge-valve yokukhipha kanye ne-scraper.

Igesi yomsila ehwamukayo ekhiqizwe umshini wokuzimisa ihamba ihlehla ne-sludge, futhi ibhokisi le-exhaust elingaphezu komshini wokuzomisa lingena ohlelweni olulandelayo lokuphonswa kwegesi yomsila. Igesi yomsila ehwamukayo iyafafazwa futhi ifinyezwe ku-condenser, futhi igesi engajiki ingena ku-defogger elandelayo. Ngemva kokuhlukana kwamaconsi ku-defogger, igesi yokugcina yomsila iyakhishwa ohlelweni lokumisa ngefeni bese ingena ohlelweni lokwelapha iphunga ukuze lwelashwe. Izimo zomphakathi zobunjiniyela ezisetshenziswa ohlelweni lokumisa ifilimu elivundlile elincanyana ikakhulukazi zifaka isitimu esigcwele, amanzi aphakathi nendawo, umoya wezinsimbi, amanzi okupholisa ajikelezayo namanzi ahlanzekile. Isitimu esisetshenziswa ohlelweni lokomisa sivela endaweni yokuphehla amandla futhi sisakazwa emigqeni yokukhiqiza eyi-10 ngamasilinda amancane. Isistimu yokomisa ifakwe isistimu yokucindezela komoya ukuze inikeze umoya wensimbi, uhlelo lokubuyisela i-condensate lusetshenziselwa ukubuyisela i-condensate ye-steam yomshini wokomisa, futhi uhlelo lwamanzi okupholisa ajikelezayo luhlinzeka ngamanzi okupholisa ajikelezayo ohlelweni. Amanzi angcolile akhiqizwa uhlelo lokomisa ikakhulukazi amanzi afuthwayo ngemva kokugeza igesi yomsila wokuhwamuka ngesifutho samanzi aphakathi nendawo, futhi le ngxenye yendle izobuyiselwa endaweni yokuhlanza indle ukuze ihlanzwe. I-exhaust gas ingena ohlelweni lokwelapha iphunga lokwelashwa endaweni eyodwa. Ngemva kokoma, udaka luthunyelwa e-Waigaoqiao Power Plant ukuze lushiswe kanyekanye namalahle. Uhlelo lokumisa udaka lwephrojekthi yokwelashwa kwe-sludge kanye nokulahlwa kokulahlwa kwendawo yaseZhuyuan kuphumelele ngempumelelo ukuhlolwa kokusebenza ngo-Agasti 2020. Isikhathi sokusebenza sonyaka sephrojekthi singafinyelela ku-8000h, futhi umthamo wonyaka wokwelapha udaka ungafinyelela amathani angaphezu kuka-400,000. Ukuphothulwa nokusebenza kwephrojekthi kuzoxazulula inkinga yokukhipha udaka endaweni yaseZhuyuan, futhi kusize umnotho waseShanghai ukuthi ufinyelele intuthuko esimeme. Ingahlinzeka ngereferensi yokwelashwa kodaka kanye namaphrojekthi okulahlwa ngokushiswa ngokubambisana kwemboni yamandla.

Isifinyezo

I-1) Isistimu yokomisa ifilimu emincane evundlile inomoya omuhle, ingafinyelela ukulawula okuqukethwe komoyampilo okuqinile, futhi inokuphepha okuphezulu. Ayikho ingozi yokuphepha eyenzeke emlandweni wohlelo lokusebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, futhi ingenye yezinqubo zokomisa eziphephe kakhulu emkhakheni wokomisa udaka namuhla.

2) Kuphrojekthi yokukhiqiza udaka nokudubula, ukulawulwa kwefomu le-sludge elomile kanye nomswakama kubaluleke kakhulu, okuzophazamisa ukusebenza kwesistimu yokushiswa elandelayo yesistimu yokomisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungqimba oluncane oluvundlile lokumisa inqubo yezigaba ezimbili lungakwazi ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo eyimbudumbudu enosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezifanayo futhi alukho uthuli, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingakwazi ukubona ngokushesha ukulungiswa komswakama ngokushintsha ingcindezi yesitimu kanye nesivinini somshini wokumisa umugqa wezigaba ezimbili. Ukulawula okuhle kokuma kanye nomswakama we-sludge eyomile kungaqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwalo lonke uhlelo.

3) Ungqimba oluvundlile oluncane oluvundlile olunezigaba ezimbili okomisa ukulahlwa kodaka ukulahlwa kodaka kuyinkambo yokuthuthukiswa kokuphathwa kodaka nokulahlwa kukamasipala, okunezinzuzo ezisobala ekuphepheni, ekuzinzeni, ekuthembekeni, ezithuthukile nakwezinye izici. Ukusetshenziswa kokuvundlile kwefilimu elincanyana elivundlile lokumisa inqubo yezigaba ezimbili ekulahlweni kodaka kuyisinqumo sesayensi nesiphusile sokwelashwa nokulahlwa kodaka lukamasipala namuhla.