Hindura Osmose (RO) Ikoranabuhanga mu Gutunganya Amazi Yamashanyarazi

Uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi yimiti yinganda

Sisitemu yo gutunganya amazi yimiti yinganda zamashanyarazi I. Gukenera gutunganya amazi yimiti bigaragara mubipimo byubwiza bwamazi meza Ibikurikira nubuziranenge bwamazi meza yo guteka: Gukomera kwose (umol / L), ogisijeni yashonze (μg / L), amashanyarazi (us / cm), silika (μg / L), PH (25 ℃ ℃), amazi ya karuboni 20 ubuziranenge burenze ibisanzwe cyane ni ubukana bwuzuye, bivuze ko impuzandengo ya molarike ya calcium ion (Ca2 +) na magnesium ion (Mg2 +) mugisubizo. Ubwinshi bwa Molar bivuga umubare wa milimole yibintu bikemuka kuri litiro yumuti. Kurugero, uburemere bwa atome bwa Ca ni 40, naho ubwinshi bwa 1mol ya Ca2 + ni 80g (ibisobanuro byayo bya shimi ni: 1 molca 2+ irimo ioni ya calcium 6.02x1023). Niba igisubizo 1 kirimo 1g ya Ca2 +, noneho ubukana bwacyo ni 1/80 = 0.0125mol / L = 12.5mmol / L.

Amazi mabi, cyane cyane calcium, magnesium, sodium na silike ion zirenze izisanzwe, bizatera ingaruka zikurikira kubikoresho byubushyuhe: 1.Gupima ibikoresho byubushyuhe: niba ubwiza bwamazi mumashanyarazi cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo guhinduranya ubushyuhe bukennye, nyuma yigihe cyibikorwa, hazashyirwaho imigozi ihamye hejuru yubushyuhe ihuye namazi. Iyi phenomenon yitwa gupima, kandi iyi migereka ikomeye yitwa igipimo. Kuberako ubushyuhe bwumuriro bwikubye inshuro magana kurenza ubw'icyuma, kandi iki gipimo kibyara byoroshye muburyo bwo gutekesha hamwe nubushyuhe bwinshi, bityo igipimo cyangiza cyane kubiteka (cyangwa guhinduranya ubushyuhe); Irashobora gutuma ubushyuhe bwurukuta rwicyuma kiri murwego rwo hejuru cyane, bigatuma imbaraga zicyuma zigabanuka, kuburyo mugihe cyumuvuduko wumuvuduko uri mu muyoboro, hazabaho ihinduka ryimiterere ryumuyoboro, ibibyimba, ndetse bigatera impanuka zikomeye nko guturika. Kwipimisha ntibibangamira imikorere itekanye gusa, ahubwo binagabanya cyane ubukungu bwinganda. Kurugero, iyo hari igipimo cya 1mm cyubunini muri economizer ya boiler yinganda zamashanyarazi, gukoresha lisansi ni 1.5% ~ 2.0% kurenza umwimerere. Kubwibyo, gukumira neza cyangwa kugabanya ibipimo bizatanga inyungu zikomeye mubukungu. Byongeye kandi, ubwiza bw’amazi y’amazi azenguruka ni bubi, kandi gupima muri kondereseri ya turbine ya parike bizatuma igabanuka rya vacuum ya kondenseri, bityo bigabanye ingufu zumuriro n’umusaruro wa turbine. Igipimo cya superheater kizatuma ubushyuhe bwamazi butagera ku gishushanyo mbonera, bizagabanya ubukungu bwa sisitemu yubushyuhe bwose. Nyuma yo gupima ibikoresho byubushyuhe, imirimo yisuku igomba gukorwa mugihe, izahagarika ibikoresho kandi igabanye amasaha yo gukoresha buri mwaka yibikoresho; Byongeye kandi, akazi hamwe nigiciro cyo kubungabunga bigomba kongerwa.

2. Kwangirika kw'ibikoresho by'ubushyuhe hamwe na sisitemu yabyo: ibyuma by'ibikoresho by'ubushyuhe mu rugomero rw'amashanyarazi akenshi bihura n'amazi. Niba amazi meza ari mabi, bizatera kwangirika kwicyuma, nkumuyoboro wogutanga amazi, kuzigama amakara, guhumeka, gushyushya, superheater hamwe nu muyoboro wo guhanahana ubushyuhe bwa konderesi ya turbine, bizangirika kubera amazi mabi. Ruswa ntigabanya gusa igihe cya serivisi yibikoresho ubwabyo, ahubwo binatera igihombo cyubukungu. Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa byangirika byimurirwa mumazi, byongera umwanda mumazi, bityo bikongerera uburyo bwo gupima hejuru yubushyuhe bwumuriro mwinshi, kandi gupima bizihutisha kwangirika kwangirika kwumuriro witanura. Uru ruzinduko rubi rushobora gukurura byihuse guturika nizindi mpanuka.

3. Kwiyegeranya umunyu mugice cyizenguruka cya superheater na turbine: amazi meza nayo azatuma amavuta ashonga kandi atwara imyanda (cyane cyane Na + na HSi03- ion) yiyongera, iyi myanda izashyirwa mubice byizunguruka byamazi, nka superheater na turbine, ibi bintu byitwa kwirundanya umunyu. Kwirundanya umunyu mumazi ya superheater birashobora gutuma urukuta rw'icyuma rushyuha cyane cyangwa rugaturika. Umuyoboro uzafungwa bidatinze kubera kwegeranya umunyu, kandi kwirundanya kwumunyu muri turbine bizagabanya cyane umusaruro nubushobozi bwa turbine. Ndetse n'umunyu muke wo kwegeranya umunyu bizongera cyane kurwanya imbaraga zo kuzenguruka kwamazi, kugirango umusaruro wa turbine ugabanuka. Iyo kwirundanya kwumunyu wa turbine ikomeye, bizongera kandi umutwaro wo guterura no kugoreka gutandukanya, bikaviramo guhagarara.

Muri make, ubukana bwinshi bwogutanga amazi, byerekana ko ibirimo calcium na magnesium ion ari binini, byoroshye gutera icyotezo hejuru yubushyuhe, ingoma ninkuta zipima kwangirika no kwangirika, urumuri rugira ingaruka kumyuka yubushyuhe, impanvu zikomeye zitera guturika, umwanda wamazi utwarwa numwuka mukigero cya superheater hamwe na turbine, bizatera kwangirika kwinshi. Agaciro PH ni indangagaciro yo gusuzuma acide na alkaline yubuziranenge bwamazi, agaciro ka PH = -l0g (hydrogène ion yibanze mubisubizo, mol / L). Ibiri muri H + na OH- mumazi meza ni 1x10-7mol / L, bityo PH = 7. Niba aside yashonga mumazi, nka acide hydrochloric HCI, H + iziyongera, niko H + yibanda cyane, niko agaciro ka PH kagabanuka, PH 7 nubwiza bwamazi ya alkaline. Amazi yatunganijwe nuburyo bwa chimique (ion guhana) yerekana alkaline idakomeye (PH = 8.8 ~ 9.2). Amazi acide acide yangirika kubutare; Gukoresha amazi ya alkaline idakomeye, ifite ibyiza byo gutambutsa ibyuma n'umuringa hejuru, kuburyo bitoroshe kubora, kandi bikarinda igipimo cyicyuma nubunini bwumuringa gukora hejuru yubushyuhe no guhinduranya ubushyuhe.

Inzira yo gutunganya amazi

Igikorwa cyo gutunganya amazi kigabanyijemo ibice bibiri byingenzi, igice cya mbere nuburyo bworoshye bwo koroshya amazi, igice cya kabiri nuburyo bwo gusiba imiti. Uburyo bworoshye bwamazi yumubiri: amazi mbisi (nanone azwi nkamazi mbisi) mumurongo wogutanga amazi yibihingwa, binyuze mumashanyarazi ya quartz, akayunguruzo ka karubone kugirango akureho ibice bikomeye hamwe n’umwanda wahagaritswe mumazi mbisi, bita amazi asobanutse; Amazi asobanutse noneho akurwaho nigikoresho cya osmose kugirango akureho ion nyinshi za calcium na magnesium hanyuma ahinduke amazi yoroshye. Uburyo bwo kuvanaho imiti: amazi yoroshye akoresheje igikoresho cyo gukuramo karubone, gukuramo karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone mumazi (bivugwako ari HC03-), hanyuma unyuze muburiri buvanze, ukureho calcium isigaye, magnesium, sodium, silikatike nizindi ion zangiza mumazi, uhindurwe amazi, ni ukuvuga amashyanyarazi atangwa, hanyuma abigaburira muri pompe yamazi, hanyuma akabigaburira muri pompe yamazi.

Hindura tekinoroji ya osmose mugutunganya amazi yingufu

Osmose ihindagurika yerekeza cyane cyane ku ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji yo gutandukanya membrane mu kuvura amazi, afite ibimenyetso biranga umuvuduko mwinshi, gukoreshwa cyane no kurengera ibidukikije, kandi yakoreshejwe cyane mu nganda nyinshi. Intangiriro ya tekinoroji ya tekinoroji ya osmose iri muburyo bwa osmose membrane, ikozwe muburyo bwa polymer kandi ifite firime yatoranijwe ya kimwe cya kabiri. Mubikorwa byumuvuduko wo hanze, amazi mubisubizo arashobora gukora ibintu byatoranijwe hamwe nibice bimwe, hanyuma akamenya intego yo kwezwa, gutandukana no kwibanda. Gukoresha tekinoroji ya osmose mu gutunganya amazi y’amashanyarazi birashobora kubona ibisubizo byiza, kandi bikamenya kuzigama umutungo w’amazi no kurengera ibidukikije. Uru rupapuro rwabanje kuvuga ihame n'ibiranga tekinoroji ya osmose ya membrane, hanyuma igasesengura uburyo bukoreshwa bwa tekinoroji ya osmose mu gutunganya amazi y’amashanyarazi, hanyuma ikaganira ku bijyanye n’ibisabwa kugira ngo harebwe ikoranabuhanga rya osmose.

Ihame rya osose

Osmose ihindagurika ni ugukoresha igitutu gihagije kugirango ureke igisubizo gikemuke binyuze muri rezo ya osmose ihindagurika, hanyuma igatandukana, icyerekezo kinyuranye nicyerekezo cya osmose, kigomba gukoreshwa mugutandukanya, kweza no guhuriza hamwe igisubizo hamwe numuvuduko mwinshi kuruta uburyo bwa osmose. Kubera ko ingano ya pore ya revers osmose membrane ari nto cyane, kuyikoresha birashobora kuba byiza cyane mugukuraho imyunyu na colloide yashonze, bagiteri, virusi nibintu bimwe na bimwe kama mumazi. Ikintu cyingenzi cyo gutandukanya ibintu bya osmose reaction ni ion mugisubizo, kandi kuvanaho umunyu mumazi birashobora kugerwaho hatabayeho gukoresha imiti iyo ari yo yose, kandi igipimo cyo gukuramo umunyu gishobora kugera kuri 98%.

Ibiranga tekinoroji ya osmose

Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya osmose ni ugukurikiza ihame rya osmose ihindagurika kugirango igere ku kwezwa no kwibanda ku gisubizo, ifite imiterere yo gutandukana ya ding nini ifite ibintu bikurikira: (1) Urwego rwa automatisation rwerekanwe na tekinoroji ya osmose ruri hejuru, kandi ingufu zikoreshwa na yo ziri hasi muburyo butandukanye. Impamvu nyamukuru nuko imbaraga zitwara zikoreshwa mugikorwa cyo gutunganya amazi nigitutu cyamazi. Ukurikije ubushyuhe bwicyumba kandi ntagihinduka cyicyiciro, birashobora gukundwa gutandukanya ibishishwa no gukemura, gutakaza ibice bikora ni bito cyane, kandi birakwiriye cyane gutandukanya no kwibanda kubintu byangiza ubushyuhe. Ugereranije nuburyo bwo guhindura icyiciro cyo gutandukanya, gukoresha ingufu ni bike. ② Ntibikenewe ko hafatwa ingamba zo kuvugurura ibintu, kubera ko inzira yo kuvura ari reaction yumubiri, ntabwo izakoreshwa mubintu byimiti, ibicuruzwa ntibizanduzwa. . . ⑤ Irashobora kugera ku nyungu nziza zubukungu. Igiciro cya sisitemu ya revers osmose ikora ni mike cyane kandi ishoramari rirashobora kugarurwa mugihe gito.

Gukoresha muburyo bwa tekinoroji ya osmose mugutunganya amazi yinganda

1.Gusubiramo no gukoresha imyanda ikonjesha ikwirakwiza Amazi akonje akoreshwa mu mashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi agera kuri 70% y’amazi yose akoreshwa n’amashanyarazi, bityo kuyakoresha no kuyakoresha bifite akamaro gakomeye cyane, bishobora kumenya kuzigama umutungo w’amazi make. Mu myaka yashize, ibisabwa mu gihugu mu rwego rwo kurengera ibidukikije bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro, kandi hashyizweho ibipimo bifitanye isano n’isohoka ry’amazi y’amazi bigenda byiyongera, ibyo bigatuma igiciro cy’amashanyarazi cyiyongera cyane mu gihe cyo gutunganya amazi mabi. Gukoresha tekinoroji ya osmose irashobora kumenya gukoresha amazi mabi. Ufatanije nigikorwa nyacyo cyibikoresho bitandukanye mumashanyarazi, amazi yabonetse hakoreshejwe tekinoroji ya osmose arashobora gukoreshwa mumazi yinyongera yamazi akonje, kandi afite ibiranga umutekano no kwizerwa. Nyuma yo gukoresha tekinoroji ya osmose ihindagurika, ubwiza bw’amazi y’amazi azenguruka bwarushijeho kuba bwiza, imivurungano yagabanutse cyane, kandi n’inyongera y’amazi nayo yagabanutse ku buryo bugaragara. Ariko, kuri ubu, tekinoroji ya osmose izatanga ikiguzi kinini cyo gutunganya amazi, kandi ishoramari shoramari rirenze cyane uburyo bwo kweza amazi mumazi asanzwe. Ariko, kubera ko ishobora gutunganya amazi mabi icyarimwe, ishoramari ryibiciro by ibidukikije rirashobora kugabanuka, kandi umutungo wamazi nawo ugizwe no kuzigama runaka, bityo igiciro cyuzuye kiragaragara cyane. Yageze ku rwego rwo hejuru rw'ubumwe bw'inyungu z'ubukungu, inyungu rusange n'imibereho myiza y'ibidukikije.

2.Kwangiza imyanda yo gutekesha ibyuka Bishingiye ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku buryo bwo kuvura imyanda iva mu ruganda rw’amashanyarazi, umwanditsi agereranya kandi akanasesengura ingaruka zo kuvura umuvuduko ukabije w’imyanya ndangagitsina, selile ya acetate ya membrane hamwe n’amazi yo mu nyanja ukoresheje tekinoroji ya osmose hamwe n’uburyo bwo kuzenguruka, hanyuma akabona imyanzuro ikurikira: mu bice bitatu bya osmose yibibari bifite imikorere myiza. Kubwibyo, igikwiye cyane kuvura osmose yo kuvura imyanda itwara imyanda ni amazi yo mu nyanja, uburyo bwo kuvura nuburyo bwo kuzenguruka. Binyuze mu ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya osmose mu kuvura imyanda itwara imyanda mu mashanyarazi, irashobora kugera ku bisubizo byiza kandi ikagera ku ntego iteganijwe. Inzira nziza yo guhangana n’imyanda ya aside ya citricike muri boiler ni: nyuma yimyanda yimyanda ya acide citric yabanje kwibandwaho na osmose revers, irashobora gusohoka cyangwa gukoreshwa. Nyuma yo gukuraho icyuma, ni spray yumye, hanyuma kugarura umunyu wa sodium citrate bigerwaho. Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji yo kuvura irashobora gukemura neza umwanda w’ibidukikije uterwa na aside yoza imyanda mumazi, kandi ifite inyungu nziza mubuzima nubukungu.

3.Gutunganya neza amazi y’amazi Gutunganya neza amazi y’imyanda mu mashanyarazi ni umushinga utunganijwe, urimo ahanini ibice bibiri byingenzi: kugarura amazi y’imyanda no kuyatunganya. Tekinoroji ya osmose ikoreshwa mugikorwa cyo gutunganya amazi y’imyanda, hamwe n’imyanda yo mu ngo yagaruwe, amazi yegeranye, aside hamwe n’amazi y’imyanda ya alkali hamwe n’amazi atemba, nibindi. Amazi yabo avanze ni acide. Nyuma yo kuvura aside idakomeye, irashobora gutahurwa kugirango ihindure imiti ya osmose, kandi isoko yamazi nyuma yubu buvuzi irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butaziguye. Gukoresha ubu buryo ntibigabanya gusa amazi y’umuriro w’amashanyarazi, ahubwo binagira akamaro kanini mu gutunganya umutungo w’amazi mu ruganda rw’amashanyarazi, hanyuma bigafasha uruganda kugera ku majyambere arambye.

Icyitonderwa cyo gukoresha tekinoroji ya osmose

Guhitamo ibikoresho Mugihe uhitamo umwimerere wa osmose umwimerere, ibiranga ubwiza bwamazi yinjira bigomba kwitabwaho. Iyo ikoreshejwe mugutunganya amazi mabi, hagomba gukoreshwa membrane yo kurwanya umwanda, cyangwa hagakoreshwa izindi ngamba zo gutunganya umwanda. Ubushyuhe bwamazi bwateguwe bugira uruhare runini kumusaruro wamazi. Ubwinshi bwamazi yibintu bya membrane bigomba gushyirwaho kugirango harebwe niba umusaruro wamazi ushobora kugera ku kigero cyagenwe mugihe ukorera ahantu hashyizweho ubushyuhe buke bwamazi. Mugihe igikoresho gisanzwe cyo kuvura AMAZI OSMOSIS YAKORESHEJWE GUKORESHWA, Umuvuduko mwinshi winjira kubikorwa byambere byumubiri wa REVERSE osmose ugomba kuba munsi ya 1.5 MPA. Mugushushanya no gushyira mubikorwa ibikoresho bya osmose bihindagurika kugirango amazi yinyanja yandurwe, umuvuduko ntarengwa winjira wagaragajwe nigikorwa cyambere cyumubiri wa osmose uri munsi ya 6.9 MPA. Umuvuduko wo kuyungurura wagenewe gushungura ibintu ntibigomba kuba binini cyane. Niba ishobora kuba mubikorwa bisanzwe mugihe kirekire, gusimbuza cycle yo kuyungurura ntibigomba kurenza amezi atatu. F1869e

Imikorere yibikoresho bya revers osmose mugihe cyo gukora

Dukurikije ISESENGURA ryikibazo gisanzwe cya REVERSE OSMOsis, ibipimo byimikorere (igipimo cya desalination nigipimo cyo kugarura, nibindi) byishami rya REVERSE OSMOsis ikora bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa mumasezerano. Muri rusange, igipimo cyo kuvanwa mu mahanga kigomba kuba hejuru ya 98 ku ijana naho igipimo cyo gukira kigomba kuba hejuru ya 75 ku ijana mu mwaka wa mbere. Umusaruro w’amazi ugomba kuba wujuje ubuziranenge bwigihugu mugihe runaka cyubushyuhe bwamazi, kandi na valve igomba guhinduka. Muri rusange, inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi ninganda shingiro zitanga ingufu zamashanyarazi zifite ubuzima bwiza mubuzima bwa buri munsi, zifite akamaro gakomeye mugutezimbere imibereho yabaturage no kuzamuka kwubukungu. Gukoresha tekinoroji ya osmose mu gutunganya amazi y’amashanyarazi byagize ingaruka nziza, ni ukuvuga kugabanya ibihumanya by’ibidukikije, ariko kandi bigamije kuzigama umutungo w’amazi. Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya osmose ihujwe nuburyo nyabwo bwo gutunganya amazi y’amashanyarazi, hanyuma ikiguzi cyibikoresho bikoreshwa na tekinoroji ya osmose iragabanuka, ikoreshwa rya tekinoloji ya revers osmose ku ruganda rw’amashanyarazi riragerwaho, kandi hasaruwe kabiri inyungu z’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’uruganda rukora amashanyarazi.