SWRO Igisubizo cyamazi yo mu nyanja ---- Kwangiza amazi yinyanja Sisitemu ya Osmose yo gutunganya amazi

Amazi niyo soko yubuzima, umutungo kamere wigiciro kandi udasimburwa kubantu, ninkomoko yubuzima bwiterambere nubukungu. Ibura ry'amazi hamwe n’umwanda ugenda urushaho kuba umwanda w’amazi byahindutse icyuho kibuza iterambere ry’imibereho n’iterambere ry’ubukungu. Usibye imicungire yubumenyi nogutanga neza umutungo wamazi, ni ngombwa cyane gutanga uruhare rwuzuye mubikorwa byuburyo buhanitse mugukoresha amazi. Kurandura amazi yo mu nyanja ni gahunda y'ingenzi yo gukemura ikibazo cyo kubura amazi. Kugeza ubu, habaye uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvomerera amazi yo mu nyanja, cyane cyane harimo kurigata, uburyo bwa membrane, uburyo bwa electrodialysis nuburyo bwo gukonjesha. Muri byo, uburyo bwa revers osmose (SWRO) uburyo bwa membrane ni uburyo bwihuta cyane butera imbere, ishoramari rito, kuzigama ingufu nyinshi hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rito cyane. Sisitemu ya osmose ni tekinoroji ikora neza kandi yangiza ibidukikije, ikoreshwa cyane mukwangiza amazi yinyanja, gutunganya amazi yinganda, gutunganya amazi yo kunywa nizindi nzego.

Ihame ryakazi rya revers osmose yinyanja ya sisitemu yo kwisiga ahanini ishingiye kubuhanga bwo gutandukanya membrane. Tekinoroji yo gutandukanya Membrane ni tekinoroji yo gutandukanya no kweza ibintu bitandukanye muguhitamo kunyura muri firime ya polymer. Muri sisitemu ya osmose ihindagurika, firime ya polymer nuburyo butemewe bugizwe na cortex yuzuye kandi igoboka. Cortex yuzuye ni akayunguruzo ka membrane kandi ifite ubunini bwa micrometero yo mu rwego rwa pore irinda ibintu byinshi byahagaritswe, ibintu byashonze hamwe na mikorobe bitanyuze. Inkunga irekuye ni urwego rushyigikira ururenda, rufite umurambararo munini wa pore kandi rushobora kwemeza imbaraga rusange za membrane.

Amazi yo mu nyanja ahindura osmose sisitemu yimikorere

Sisitemu yo guhindura amazi yo mu nyanja (SWRO) yahindutse ikoranabuhanga rikomeye mu bijyanye no kwangiza amazi yo mu nyanja, ritanga igisubizo kirambye ku kibazo cy’ibura ry’amazi akomeye ku isi. Amazi yo mu nyanja ahindagurika osmose arimo intambwe nyinshi zingenzi kugirango amazi meza yo kunywa aturuka mumazi yinyanja. Gusobanukirwa umuvuduko wa sisitemu ya osmose ihindagurika ningirakamaro kugirango dusobanukirwe neza ninyungu zayo. Gahunda ya sisitemu ikubiyemo intambwe zikurikira: 1.Kuyungurura mbere: Amazi yo mu nyanja abanza kunyura muyungurura rwibanze kugirango akureho neza ibice binini, ibinini byahagaritswe hamwe n’umwanda. Iyi ntambwe ningirakamaro mugutegura amazi yinyanja kugirango arusheho gutunganywa, akemeza ko gutunganya neza kurushaho.

2. Iyungurura rya kabiri: Amazi yambere yungurujwe anyura mumashanyarazi ya karubone ikora kugirango ayungurure kabiri. Intego y'iki cyiciro ni ugukuraho ibintu byangiza nk'ibinyabuzima na chlorine isigaye, kurushaho kweza amazi yo mu nyanja, no gutegura icyiciro gikurikira cyo kuvura. 3. Kurungurura neza: Amazi noneho arayungurura neza akayungurura neza kugirango akureho ibice, bagiteri nibindi byanduye. Iyi ntambwe yemeza ko amazi yezwa neza mbere yo kwinjira mumutima wibikorwa bya osose. 4. Subiza inyuma ya Osmose Membrane: Amazi yungurujwe neza noneho anyuzwa muri rezo osmose membrane, nikintu cyingenzi cya sisitemu. Ibinyuranyo bya osmose bifasha gutandukanya no gukuraho umunyu, ibinyabuzima, ibyuma biremereye, nibindi bintu kugirango bitange amazi meza, yanduye. 5. Kurandura no kubika: Amazi amaze kunyura mugice cya osose ya osmose, yanduzwa kugirango ikureho mikorobe zisigaye. Amazi asukuye noneho abikwa mubigega byiteguye gukwirakwizwa no gukoreshwa.

Ibyiza bya sisitemu ya osmose ihindagurika mumazi yinyanja ni menshi. Sisitemu ifite ibiranga imikorere myiza, kurengera ibidukikije, kuzigama ingufu n'umutekano. Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya osmose irashobora gukuraho ibice birenga 99% byangiza nkumunyu, ibintu kama, ibyuma biremereye, nibindi, bigatuma umusaruro wamazi meza ava mumazi yinyanja no gukemura byihutirwa umutungo wamazi meza. Inyungu zidukikije za sisitemu ya revers osmose nayo irahambaye. Bitandukanye nuburyo gakondo bwo kuvomerera amazi yinyanja, sisitemu ya RO ntisaba imiti myinshi, ntabwo itanga amazi mabi, kandi yangiza ibidukikije. Ubu buryo burambye bwo kuvanaho imyunyu bujyanye nimbaraga zisi zo guteza imbere gutunganya ibidukikije no kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Usibye inyungu zibidukikije, sisitemu ya osmose ihindagurika ni kubungabunga bike, byoroshye gukora, kandi bikwiranye nuburyo butandukanye bwamazi. Iyi miterere ituma sisitemu ya osmose ihindura uburyo bufatika kandi bwizewe bwo gusiba, cyane cyane mubice bifite amazi make. Muri make, inzira ya sisitemu ya osmose ihindagurika muguhindura imyunyu ngugu igizwe nurukurikirane rw'intambwe z'ibanze zitanga amazi meza yo kunywa ava mu nyanja. Hamwe nogukora neza, inyungu zibidukikije no guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, sisitemu ya osmose ni tekinoroji y'ingenzi yo gukemura ikibazo cy'ibura ry'amazi no kwemeza uburyo bwiza bwo kubona amazi meza.

Kwinjira no guhindura osmose

Osmose ihindagurika ni inzira ihindagurika ya osmose. Uruhushya ni ibintu bisanzwe. Amazi ya molekile mumazi ya dilute azakwirakwira binyuze muri kimwe cya kabiri cyinjira mugice cyumuti wihuse kumuvuduko ugereranije. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo, urwego rwamazi kuruhande rwamazi meza ruzakomeza kugabanuka, bivamo itandukaniro ryumuvuduko wa hydrostatike. Itandukaniro ryumuvuduko wa hydrostatike muriki gihe ryitwa osmotic pressure (umuvuduko wa osmotic uri hagati yinyanja ninyanja y'amazi meza ni 2.4MPa).

Guhindura osmose inzira ni ikinyuranyo. Muri SWRO, umuvuduko urenze umuvuduko wa osmotic wamazi yinyanja kuruhande rumwe bizatera molekile zamazi mumazi yinyanja kunyura muri membrane hanyuma umunyu ufate. Mubyukuri, uko umuvuduko wo hanze uzagenda wihuta, osmose ihindagurika ya molekile y'amazi mumazi yinyanja. Ibice byingenzi bigize inzira ya osmose ihindagurika ni sintetike ya sem-permeable membrane ituma hafi ya molekile zamazi zinyuramo. Igice kibase cya revers osmose membrane igomba gukorwa muburyo runaka mbere yuko ikoreshwa mubuhanga bwo gutunganya amazi. Muri iki gihe, mu mazi yo mu nyanja, ikoreshwa rya aromatic polyamide coil membrane element ikoreshwa cyane.

Amazi atanga diafragma yinjizwa hagati yibice bibiri bya membrane, hanyuma igice cya membrane gishimangirwa hamwe kumpande eshatu zurwego rwa membrane, hanyuma bigahuzwa hamwe na diaphragm yinjira mumazi hamwe bikomeretsa kumuyoboro wo hagati. Kurangiza, ingofero yanyuma isobekeranye yashyizwe kumpande zombi kandi igashyirwa mugukora ibintu byazungurutse. Ubucuruzi bwa revers osmose membrane ibintu biza muburyo butandukanye, hamwe nibintu byakoreshejwe cyane muri desalination bifite diameter ya 200mm n'uburebure busanzwe bwa 1000mm.

SWRO igizwe na pompe yumuvuduko mwinshi, icyombo cyumuvuduko, nigikoresho cyo kugarura ingufu. Amazi yo mu nyanja amaze gutegurwa no gushyirwaho igitutu mu cyuma cy’umuvuduko w’igice cya osmose ihindagurika na pompe y’umuvuduko mwinshi, amazi yo mu nyanja abanza kunyura mu gice cya mbere cya membrane hanyuma akanyura mu muyoboro winjira w’ibintu bya membrane bikomeretsa mu buryo bwuzuye. Mugihe cyumuvuduko mwinshi, igice cya molekile zamazi zihora zinjira muri membrane hanyuma zikinjira mu muyoboro wo hagati wibintu byahujwe hamwe unyuze mu muyoboro w’amazi utanga inzitizi, bikabyara amazi y’ibicuruzwa. Amazi asigaye asigaye akomeza gutemba yerekeza kumurongo ugana mugice gikurikira. Iyi nzira ikorwa nayo. Iyo amazi akomeye anyuze mugice gikurikiraho, amazi akomeye yiyongera. Iyo inyuze mubintu byanyuma, amazi akomeye ahinduka amazi yibanze.

Bitandukanye nuburyo bwubushyuhe, SWRO ntabwo ifite inzira yo guhindura icyiciro cyo guhinduka no guhunika. Ingufu nyamukuru zikoreshwa muri SWRO ningufu nyinshi zo kuvoma ingufu kugirango tumenye inzira ya osmose ihindagurika, bigatuma igiciro cyamazi y’amazi ya osmose ihindagurika ugereranije nuburyo bwubushyuhe. Mubyongeyeho, ugereranije nuburyo bwubushyuhe, ibikoresho byayo nabyo bifite imiterere yuburyo bwimiterere nuburyo bworoshye bwo guhinduka. Guhagarika no gufata neza ibikoresho byaho ntibishobora kugira ingaruka kumikorere isigaye ya sisitemu yose. Nyamara, SWRO isaba inzira igoye kandi nziza yo kwitegura, kandi abakora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byubucuruzi bafite ibyangombwa bisabwa kuri SDI, pH, ubushyuhe, chlorine isigaye nibindi bimenyetso bya polyamide revers osmose membrane. Iyo kwitegura bitujuje ubuziranenge, umwanda no gupima ubuso bwa membrane bizihuta, kandi ubuzima bwa serivisi, gukoresha ingufu hamwe n’amazi meza y’ibicuruzwa bya module ya membrane bizagira ingaruka ku mikorere, bityo byongere ibiciro by’umusaruro w’amazi.

Igikoresho cyo kugarura ingufu nibindi bikoresho byingenzi. Iterambere ryihuse rya SWRO ryitirirwa gukoresha ibikoresho bigarura ingufu hamwe no kongera imikorere muri sisitemu ya osmose ihindagurika hiyongereyeho uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha ibikoresho bya membrane nibice bigize membrane. Muri iki gihe, amashanyarazi meza cyane yo mu bwoko bwa PX arashobora kugarura ingufu zirenga 95% mumazi yibanze kandi akayashyira mumazi yinyanja, bikagabanya ingufu zikoreshwa muburyo bwa osmose ihinduka hafi kimwe cya kabiri. TDS yumwanda wibanze wa osmose ni 300-500mg / L, wujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa n’umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi ku bijyanye n’amazi yo kunywa TDS (500mg / L). SWRO yakoreshejwe mu gutanga amazi yo kunywa ku rugero runini mu bice bidafite amazi. Mu myaka ya za 1980, SWRO yatangiye guhangana nuburyo busanzwe bwo gushyushya ibintu. Bitewe ninyungu zo gushora ibikoresho bike, ubwubatsi bwigihe gito, gukoresha ingufu nke nibindi byiza byinshi, SWRO yateye imbere byihuse kandi ibaye inzira yingenzi mumasoko yisi yose. Kugeza ubu, SWRO y'ibanze ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda za komini, niyo mpamvu ubushobozi bwibikorwa bya osose bihinduka vuba. Ubushakashatsi bw'ejo hazaza kuri gahunda ya osmose ihinduka bizibanda ku iterambere ry’ingufu nyinshi zizigama kandi ziramba zisubiramo osmose membrane hamwe nibice bigize membrane, kugabanya gukoresha ingufu zikoreshwa no kubungabunga ibiciro, no kugabanya ikiguzi cy’amazi. S19qen

Mubikorwa, sisitemu ya osmose ihinduka ikoranabuhanga ryingenzi mubijyanye no gutunganya amazi. Kurugero, mubijyanye no kwangiza amazi yinyanja, sisitemu ya osmose irashobora gukuraho neza imyunyu irenga 99% nibindi bintu byangiza mumazi yinyanja, bikagera kumazi meza. Mu rwego rwo gutunganya amazi y’inganda, sisitemu ya osmose irashobora gutanga amazi meza yo gutunganya, kuzamura umusaruro nubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Mu rwego rwo kweza amazi yo kunywa, sisitemu ya osmose irashobora gukuraho ibintu bitandukanye byangiza mumazi kandi bigatanga amazi meza kandi meza. Muri make, sisitemu ya osmose ni tekinoroji ikora neza kandi yangiza ibidukikije ikorana buhanga hamwe nogukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha. Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya siyanse nikoranabuhanga, sisitemu ya osmose izakomeza gutera imbere no gutezimbere, gutanga amazi meza meza yo kunywa n’amazi yinganda kubantu.