Tharollo ea metsi a leoatle a SWRO

Metsi ke mohloli oa bophelo, ke mohloli oa bohlokoa oa tlhaho o ke keng oa nkeloa sebaka bakeng sa batho, hape ke mohloli oa bophelo ba tsoelo-pele ea sechaba le moruo. Khaello ea mehloli ea metsi le tšilafalo ea metsi e ntseng e eketseha e fetohile tšitiso e thibelang tsoelopele ea sechaba le nts'etsopele ea moruo. Ntle le taolo ea mahlale le kabo e nepahetseng ea mehloli ea metsi, ho bohlokoa hape ho fana ka karolo e felletseng ea mekhoa ea theknoloji e phahameng tšebelisong ea metsi hape. Ho ntša letsoai metsing a leoatle ke mokhoa oa bohlokoa oa ho rarolla khaello ea mehloli ea metsi. Ho fihlela joale, ho se ho na le mekhoa e mengata ea ho ntša letsoai metsing a leoatle, haholo-holo e kenyeletsang distillation, mokhoa oa membrane, mokhoa oa electrodialysis le mokhoa oa leqhoa. Har'a tsona, mokhoa oa reverse osmosis (SWRO) oa mokhoa oa membrane ke o ntseng o tsoela pele ka potlako, matsete a tlase ka ho fetisisa, ho boloka matla ka ho fetisisa le theknoloji e theko e tlaase ka ho fetisisa ea ho tlosa letsoai. Reverse Osmosis Sistimi ke theknoloji e sebetsang hantle le e baballang tikoloho, e sebelisoang haholo ho hlakisa metsi a leoatle, ho hloekisa metsi a indasteri, tlhoekiso ea metsi a nooang le likarolo tse ling.

Molao-motheo oa ho sebetsa oa reverse osmosis seawater desalination system o ipapisitse le theknoloji ea karohano ea membrane. Theknoloji ea karohano ea li-membrane ke mofuta oa theknoloji ea ho arola le ho hloekisa lintho tse fapaneng ka ho khetha ho feta lifiliming tsa polymer. Lits'ebetsong tsa reverse osmosis desalination, filimi ea polymer ke sebopeho sa asymmetric se entsoeng ka cortex e teteaneng le lera le hlephileng le tšehetsang. Cortex e teteaneng ke lera la sefe ea lera 'me le na le boholo ba pore ea boemo ba micrometer bo thibelang boholo ba lintho tse emisitsoeng, lintho tse qhibilihisitsoeng le likokoana-hloko ho feta. Lera le hlephileng la ts'ehetso ke lera le tšehetsang lera, le nang le bophara bo boholo ba pore 'me le ka netefatsa matla a kakaretso a mochine oa lera.

Phallo ea metsi a leoatleng e khutlisetsa morao mokhoa oa osmosis

Sistimi ea Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination (SWRO) e fetohile theknoloji ea bohlokoa lefapheng la ho ntša letsoai metsing a leoatle, e fanang ka tharollo e tšoarellang bothateng bo ntseng bo eketseha ba khaello ea metsi lefatšeng ka bophara. Ts'ebetso ea metsi a leoatle reverse osmosis e kenyelletsa mehato e 'maloa ea bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore metsi a nooang a boleng bo holimo a hlahisoa metsing a leoatle. Ho utloisisa sekhahla sa phallo ea sistimi ea reverse osmosis ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa ts'ebetso le melemo ea eona ea desalination. Ts'ebetso ea sistimi e kenyelletsa mehato e latelang: 1.Tlhahiso ea mantlha: Metsi a leoatle a tala a qala ka ho feta sefeneng sa mantlha ho tlosa ka nepo likaroloana tse kholo, lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng le litšila tse ling. Mohato ona ke oa bohlokoa ho lokisa metsi a leoatle bakeng sa ho hloekisoa ho eketsehileng, ho etsa bonnete ba hore a lokisoang ka mor'a moo a sebetsa hantle haholoanyane.

2. Filtration ea bobeli: Metsi a ka sehloohong a tlhotliloeng a feta ka har'a sefe ea khabone e kentsoeng bakeng sa tlhoekiso ea bobeli. Sepheo sa mokhahlelo ona ke ho tlosa lintho tse kotsi tse kang lintho tse phelang le chlorine e setseng, ho tsoela pele ho hloekisa metsi a leoatle, le ho itokisetsa mohato o latelang oa phekolo. 3. Ho hloekisa ka mokhoa o nepahetseng: Ka mor'a moo, metsi a sefshoa ka mokhoa o nepahetseng ka mokhoa o nepahetseng ho tlosa likaroloana, libaktheria le litšila tse ling. Mohato ona o tiisa hore metsi a hloekisoa ka ho feletseng pele a kena ka pelong ea ts'ebetso ea reverse osmosis. 4. Reverse Osmosis Membrane: Metsi a tlhotliloeng ka nepo a ntan'o tsamaisoa ka lera la reverse osmosis, e leng karolo ea bohlokoa ea sistimi. Li-membrane tsa reverse osmosis li thusa ho arola le ho tlosa letsoai, lintho tse phelang, lirafshoa tse boima le lintho tse ling ho hlahisa metsi a hloekileng, a hloekisitsoeng letsoai. 5. Sebolaea Likokoana-hloko le Polokeho: Ka mor'a hore metsi a fete lerapeng la reverse osmosis, aa bolokoa ka likokoana-hloko ho felisa likokoana-hloko leha e le life tse setseng. Joale metsi a hloekisitsoeng a bolokoa ka litankang tse seng li loketse ho ajoa le ho sebelisoa.

Melemo ea litsamaiso tsa reverse osmosis ka ho ntša letsoai metsing a leoatle li ngata. Sistimi e na le litšobotsi tsa ts'ebetso e phahameng, ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, ho boloka matla le polokeho. Theknoloji ea Reverse osmosis e ka tlosa ho feta 99% ea lintho tse kotsi tse kang letsoai, lintho tse phelang, litšepe tse boima, joalo-joalo, ho netefatsa tlhahiso ea metsi a hloekileng ho tsoa metsing a leoatle le ho rarolla tlhokahalo e potlakileng ea mehloli ea metsi a hloekileng. Melemo ea tikoloho ea litsamaiso tsa reverse osmosis le tsona li bohlokoa. Ho fapana le mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho ntša letsoai metsing a leoatle, litsamaiso tsa RO ha li hloke lik'hemik'hale tse ngata, ha li hlahise metsi a litšila, 'me li baballa tikoloho. Mokhoa ona o tsitsitseng oa ho tlosa letsoai o tsamaisana le boiteko ba lefats'e ba ho khothaletsa pheko ea metsi e baballang tikoloho le tharollo ea paballo.

Ntle le melemo ea tikoloho, litsamaiso tsa reverse osmosis li na le tlhokomelo e tlase, li sebetsa habonolo, 'me li loketse maemo a fapaneng a metsi. Mehaho ena e etsa hore reverse osmosis e be khetho e sebetsang le e ka tšeptjoang bakeng sa ho ntša letsoai, haholo-holo libakeng tse nang le metsi a fokolang a hloekileng. Ka bokhuts'oane, tšebetso ea reverse osmosis system in desalination e na le letoto la mehato ea mantlha eo qetellong e hlahisang metsi a nooang a hloekileng ho tsoa metsing a leoatle. Ka katleho, melemo ea tikoloho le ho ikamahanya le maemo, litsamaiso tsa reverse osmosis ke theknoloji ea bohlokoa ho rarolla khaello ea metsi le ho netefatsa phihlello e tsitsitseng ea mehloli ea metsi a hloekileng.

Ho kenella le ho khutlisa osmosis

Reverse osmosis ke mokhoa o ka morao oa osmosis. Permeability ke ntho ea tlhaho. Limolek'hule tsa metsi tse ka har'a tharollo ea dilute li tla hasana ka har'a lera le nang le semi-permeable ho ea lehlakoreng la tharollo e kopaneng ka lebelo le batlang le le lebelo. Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong, boemo ba mokelikeli ka lehlakoreng la metsi a hloekileng bo tla tsoela pele ho fokotseha, ho baka phapang ea khatello ea hydrostatic. Phapang ea khatello ea hydrostatic ntlheng ena e bitsoa khatello ea osmotic (khatello ea osmotic lipakeng tsa metsi a leoatle le metsi a hloekileng e ka ba 2.4MPa).

Ts'ebetso ea reverse osmosis e fapane. Ho SWRO, khatello e kholo ho feta khatello ea osmotic ea metsi a leoatle ka lehlakoreng le leng e tla etsa hore limolek'hule tsa metsi a metsing a leoatle li fete ka har'a lera 'me letsoai le tšoasoe. Ho ea ka khopolo, ha khatello e ka ntle e le khōlō, ho tla ba le lebelo le ka morao la osmosis ea limolek'hule tsa metsi metsing a leoatle. Karolo ea mantlha ea ts'ebetso ea reverse osmosis ke lera la maiketsetso le lumellang hore ho fete limolek'hule tsa metsi feela. Lera le bataletseng la lera la reverse osmosis le hloka ho etsoa tlhophiso e itseng pele le ka sebelisoa boenjiniere ba ho hloekisa metsi. Matsatsing ana, ha ho tlosoa letsoai metsing a leoatle, ntho e nkhang hamonate ea polyamide coil membrane e sebelisoa haholo.

Diaphragm e hlahisang metsi e kenngoa pakeng tsa likotoana tse peli tse bataletseng tsa lera, 'me lera la lera le kopanngoa hammoho ho bapa le mathōko a mararo a lera la lera, ebe le kopanngoa le diaphragm ea ho kena ha metsi hammoho le ho lemala holim'a tube e bohareng e nang le masoba. Qetellong, sekoahelo sa "perforated end cap" se kenngoa lipheletsong tse peli 'me se koaheloa ho etsa karolo ea lera le pota-potiloeng. Li-membrane tsa reverse osmosis tsa khoebo li tla ka litlhaloso tse fapaneng, 'me karolo ea membrane e sebelisoang haholo ho tlosa letsoai e nang le bophara ba 200mm le bolelele bo tloaelehileng ba 1000mm.

SWRO e na le pompo ea khatello e phahameng, sekepe sa khatello, le sesebelisoa sa ho khutlisa matla. Ka mor'a hore metsi a leoatle a hloekisoe pele 'me a kene ka har'a sekepe sa khatello ea reverse osmosis ke pompo ea khatello e phahameng, metsi a leoatle a qala ka ho feta karolong ea pele ea membrane ebe a phalla ka har'a mocha o thibelang ho kena oa membrane element e nang le leqeba la moea. Tlas'a khatello e phahameng, karolo ea limolek'hule tsa metsi li tsoela pele ho phunyeletsa ka lera ebe li kena ka har'a tube e bohareng ea ntho e kopantsoeng ea lera ka mokhoa oa ho phalla oa mokoallo o hlahisang metsi, o hlahisang metsi a sehlahisoa. Metsi a mang a kenang a tsoela pele ho phalla ka tsela ea ho phalla ho ea karolong e latelang ea lera. Ts'ebetso ena e etsoa ka ho latellana. Ha metsi a nang le tšusumetso a feta karolong e latelang ea membrane, metsi a nang le tšusumetso a eketseha. Ha e phalla ka har'a karolo ea ho qetela ea lera, metsi a nang le tšusumetso e fetoha metsi a mangata.

Ho fapana le mokhoa oa ho futhumatsa mocheso, SWRO ha e na mokhoa oa ho fetola mokhahlelo oa mouoane le condensation. Tšebeliso e ka sehloohong ea matla a SWRO ke matla a ho pompa khatello e phahameng ho hlokomela ts'ebetso ea reverse osmosis, e etsang hore litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea metsi tsa reverse osmosis li be tlase ho feta tsa mokhoa oa mocheso. Ho phaella moo, ha ho bapisoa le mokhoa oa mocheso, thepa ea eona e boetse e na le litšobotsi tsa sebopeho sa modular le ho fetoha ha maemo ho phahameng. Ho emisoa le tlhokomelo ea lits'ebeletso tsa lehae ho ke ke ha ama ts'ebetso ea tsamaiso eohle. Leha ho le joalo, SWRO e hloka ts'ebetso e rarahaneng le e ntle ea ho phekola pele, 'me baetsi ba membrane ba fapaneng ba khoebo ba na le litlhoko tse thata ho SDI, pH, mocheso, masala a chlorine le matšoao a mang a polyamide reverse osmosis membrane. Ha pretreatment e sa finyelle maemo a tloaelehileng, tšilafalo le sekhahla sa lera la sefahleho se tla potlakisa, 'me bophelo ba tšebeletso, tšebeliso ea matla le boleng ba metsi a sehlahisoa sa mojule oa membrane bo tla ameha ts'ebetsong, kahoo ho eketsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea metsi.

Sesebelisoa sa ho khutlisa matla ke sesebelisoa se seng sa bohlokoa. Ntlafatso e potlakileng ea SWRO e amahanngoa le ts'ebeliso ea sesebelisoa sa ho khutlisa matla ka ts'ebetso e ntseng e eketseha ea sistimi ea reverse osmosis hammoho le ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele ea lisebelisoa tsa membrane le likarolo tsa membrane. Kajeno, likarolo tse sebetsang hantle haholo tsa mofuta oa PX tsa ho khutlisa khatello li ka khutlisa matla a fetang 95% metsing a kopaneng le ho a kenya metsing a leoatle, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla a ts'ebetso ea reverse osmosis ka hoo e ka bang halofo. TDS ea "primary reverse osmosis effluent" e ka bang 300-500mg / L, e fihletseng litlhoko tse fokolang tsa Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo bakeng sa metsi a nooang a TDS index (500mg/L). SWRO e 'nile ea sebelisoa bakeng sa phepelo ea metsi a nooang ka bongata libakeng tse se nang metsi. Lilemong tsa bo-1980, SWRO e ile ea qala ho qothisana lehlokoa le mokhoa oa setso oa mocheso. Ka lebaka la melemo ea matsete a lisebelisoa tse tlase, potoloho e khuts'oane ea kaho, tšebeliso e tlase ea matla le melemo e meng e mengata, SWRO e tsoetse pele ka potlako mme e fetohile ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa 'marakeng oa lefats'e oa ho tlosa letsoai. Hajoale, SWRO ea mantlha e sebelisoa haholo indastering ea masepala, ke ka lebaka leo bokhoni ba ts'ebetso ea reverse osmosis bo ntseng bo hola ka potlako. Patlisiso ea nako e tlang mabapi le ts'ebetso ea reverse osmosis e tla shebana le nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tse ncha tse bolokang matla le tse tšoarellang, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla le litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo, le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea metsi. S19qen

Ha e le hantle, tsamaiso ea reverse osmosis e fetohile theknoloji ea bohlokoa tšimong ea phekolo ea metsi. Mohlala, lebaleng la ho ntša letsoai metsing a leoatle, litsamaiso tsa reverse osmosis li ka tlosa letsoai le lintho tse ling tse kotsi metsing a leoatle ka nepo, 'me tsa etsa hore metsi a leoatle a tlosoe letsoai ka nepo. Sebakeng sa kalafo ea metsi ea liindasteri, sistimi ea reverse osmosis e ka fana ka metsi a boleng bo holimo, ea ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso le boleng ba sehlahisoa. Sebakeng sa tlhoekiso ea metsi a nooang, sistimi ea reverse osmosis e ka tlosa lintho tse fapaneng tse kotsi ka metsing mme ea fana ka metsi a nooang a bolokehileng le a phetseng hantle. Ka bokhuts'oane, reverse osmosis system ke theknoloji e sebetsang hantle le e baballang tikoloho e nang le menyetla e mengata ea ts'ebeliso. Ka nts'etsopele e tsoelang pele ea mahlale le theknoloji, sistimi ea reverse osmosis e tla tsoela pele ho ntlafala le ho ntlafatsa, ho fana ka metsi a nooang a boleng bo holimo le metsi a indasteri bakeng sa batho.