Nazarin halaye na bushewar sludge na birni

Shan dewatering sludgena gundumar Qingpu Maganin Najasa Shuka a matsayin albarkatun kasa, wannan takarda yana nazarin bambance-bambance a cikin halaye na sludge kafin da kuma bayan bushewa daga bangarorin nazarin masana'antu, micromorphology, ainihin abun da ke ciki da darajar calorific, kuma yana ba da bayanan asali don gane bushewa da ƙonewa na sludge.

Sludge samfur ne na tsarin kula da najasa, tare da babban abun ciki na ruwa (yawanci game da 98%), babban girma, da wuya a jefar da halaye, da kuma sludge abun da ke ciki ne hadaddun, dauke da wani babban adadin kwayoyin abubuwa, nauyi karafa, salts, wuya ga kaskantar da abubuwa da pathogenic microorganisms, parasitic qwai da sauransu. Tare da zurfafa maganin najasa, magani mai dacewa da zubar da sludge yana ƙara mahimmanci, kuma sludge wanda ba a kula da shi ba shine babban barazana ga muhalli.

Bisa ga bayanan Cibiyar Bincike ta E20, fiye da rabin sludge da aka samar da najasa da tsire-tsire ana kula da su tare da zubar da su ta hanyar tsabtace tsabta, kuma fiye da 18% na sludge ya ɓace. Fiye da kashi 50% na abun ciki na ruwa na 80% na sludge da aka lalatar ana zubar da shi ta hanyar sauƙi na ƙasƙanci. Wannan hanyar zubar da ruwa ba wai kawai yana da mummunar gurɓataccen muhalli na biyu ba, har ma yana mamaye wani yanki mai girma, kuma ba za a sami ƙasar da za a binne a cikin dogon lokaci ba. The shawara na Maganin Sludge da buƙatun zubar da ruwa a cikin "Shirin Ruwa Goma" da "Shirin Shekara Biyar na 13" ya haɓaka haɓakar maganin sludge da kasuwar zubar da ruwa a ƙarƙashin ingantattun manufofi, kuma fasahar jiyya da kayan aikin da suka danganci su ma sun haɓaka cikin sauri.

"Mafi kyawun ƙa'idodin fasaha don jiyya da zubar da SLUDGE a masana'antar kula da najasa" ya yi imanin cewa bushewar sludge da ƙonewa shine jagorar da ƙasarmu ta ba da shawara a nan gaba. Domin gane sludge bushewa da ƙonawa tare da babban inganci da ƙananan amfani da makamashi, ya zama dole a tsara tsarin nazarin halaye na sludge kafin da bayan bushewa daga kusurwoyi masu yawa.

A cikin wannan takarda, an yi nazarin halaye na sludge mai bushewa kafin da kuma bayan bushewa daga sassan bincike na asali, micromorphology, asali na asali da ƙimar calorific, wanda ya ba da bayanai na asali don gane bushewa da ƙonewa na sludge.

Kayan aikin gwaji

Municipal dewatering sludge ana bushewa ta hanyar amfani da na'urar bushewa na bakin ciki, kuma ana nuna tsarin tsarin na'urar bushewar bakin ciki a cikin hoto. Na'urar bushewa na bakin ciki ta ƙunshi harsashi, rotor da na'urar tuki. Rotor yana shimfiɗa sludge ɗin da aka dasa ruwa a cikin wani ɗan ƙaramin bakin ciki akan bangon ciki na jaket ɗin harsashi, kuma yana bushe sludge ta babban zafin tururi ko mai mai zafi a cikin jaket ɗin.

Binciken asali da kwatanta kafin da kuma bayan bushewar sludge

The overheated tururi na 160 ℃ da 0.6Mpa aka shige cikin bakin ciki fim na'urar busar da ya bushe da dewatered sludge tare da danshi abun ciki na game da 80% zuwa danshi abun ciki na kasa da 30%. An gwada sludge kafin da kuma bayan bushewa kuma an bincika shi sau da yawa. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa an rage yawan abubuwan da ke cikin sludge bayan bushewa, kuma an rage yawan abin da ke cikin bushewa da 4.53% ~ 8.66%. A lokaci guda, abun cikin ash na sludge ya karu, kuma babban adadin kuzari na tushen bushewa ya ragu da 0.335 ~ 1.15MJ / kg. Wannan shi ne yafi saboda a cikin aiwatar da bushewa na thermal, ƙananan mahadi na kwayoyin halitta a cikin sludge da wasu ƙananan sludge barbashi sun zama iskar gas mai bushewa tare da bushewar ruwa mai bushewa kuma su shiga sashin kula da iskar gas na gaba.

Microstructure kwatanta sludge kafin da kuma bayan bushewa

Hoto na gaba yana nuna ƙananan tsarin sludge kafin da bayan bushewa. Kamar yadda ake iya gani daga wannan adadi, tsarin sludge kafin bushewa yana da ɗan ƙaramin sako-sako, kuma an naɗe da yawa na polymers na waje kuma ana tattara su a waje da colloid, suna samar da tsari na zahiri. Ta wannan hanyar, ruwan da aka daure, ruwan tsaka-tsaki da ruwa na ciki a cikin sludge suna nannade cikin sludge floc, don haka yana da wahala a kara bushewa ta hanyar ayyukan jiki da na sinadarai. Idan aka kwatanta da sludge bayan bushewa, da sludge kafin bushewa yana da mafi girma porosity, ya fi girma musamman surface area, da karfi compressibility, da sludge floc za a iya halakar da amfani da ƙananan inji karfi ko samar da zafi. Tare da fitar da ruwa a cikin sludge, sludge floc tsarin a hankali ya ruguje, yana samar da tsarin jimillar tsari tare da madaidaicin tsari kuma a hankali yana raguwa a cikin adadi na dama. Koyaya, ingancin ƙawancen ruwa shima zai ragu tare da raguwar sludge void ratio.

Haɗin kwatancen sludge kafin da bayan bushewa

Hoton yana nuna sakamakon binciken duban infrared kafin da bayan bushewar sludge. Wakilan kungiyoyin aiki na sludge busassun kungiyar su ne yafi kyauta H2O, -OH, -CH2, -CH3, aromatic zobe, C = C, CO, halogenated hydrocarbon, da dai sauransu Yana nuna cewa kwayoyin halitta abun ciki a cikin sludge ne high, da kwayoyin halitta iri iya zama furotin, lipid, sitaci da cellulose. Bincike ya nuna cewa furotin da ke cikin sludge kwayoyin halitta ya fi 60%, lipid kusan 20%, sitaci da cellulose kusan 15%, bazuwar wadannan kwayoyin halitta zai samar da NH3, H2S da VOCs da sauran iskar gas.

EPS babban polymer ne wanda ya ƙunshi furotin, polysaccharide da ƙaramin adadin lipids, nucleic acid da humus. Gano abubuwan halayen EPS yana nuna kasancewar babban adadin EPS a cikin sludge. A matsayin muhimmin ɓangaren kwayoyin halitta na sludge, abun ciki na EPS yana ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin infrared na ƙungiyoyin ayyuka na sludge. Ta hanyar kwatanta bakan infrared na sludge kafin da kuma bayan bushewa da kuma ban da tsangwama na ƙazanta a cikin sludge a lokacin aikin bincike, ana iya ganin cewa ƙarfin ƙwayar infrared na sludge kafin bushewa ya fi girma fiye da na sludge bayan bushewa. Idan aka kwatanta da sludge kafin bushewa, bakan na sludge bayan bushewa ya nuna cewa kafada kololuwa a 1654 da 1543cm-1 (C = C), 2924cm-1 (CH) da 1076cm-1 (CO) sun kasance karami, wanda ya nuna bazuwar abubuwan gina jiki-kamar bushewa a lokacin aikin bushewa. Wannan kuma yana bayyana raguwar abun ciki na kwayoyin halitta da abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi bayan bushewar sludge.

Kwatanta abun ciki na danshi, kwayoyin halitta da ƙimar calorific na sludge kafin da bayan bushewa

Halin kwayoyin halitta a cikin sludge shine babban mai samar da adadin kuzari na sludge, yayin da danshi na sludge shima yana da tasiri mai girma akan darajar caloric. Babban abun ciki na danshi na sludge yana da ƙarancin ƙarancin calorific, wanda babu makawa zai shafi ƙonewar sludge. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin amfani da makamashi a cikin tsarin bushewar sludge an fi amfani dashi don ƙafe ruwa a cikin sludge.

Abubuwan da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta na sludge bayan bushewa sun ragu kaɗan, kuma daidaitaccen darajar caloration na busassun tushe shima ya ragu kaɗan. An yi nazarin alaƙar da ke tsakanin sludge danshi abun ciki da kalori-darajar, da kuma daidaitawa tsakanin sludge kwayoyin halitta da kuma kalori-darajar bi da bi, da kuma daidaita daidaituwa tsakanin masu canji da aka samu ta hanyar kai tsaye regression, kuma an gudanar da bincike bincike.

Akwai rashin daidaituwa tsakanin danshi na busassun sludge da ƙananan darajar calorific, wanda ke raguwa tare da karuwar danshi. Koyaya, daidaituwar daidaituwa tsakanin busassun abun ciki danshi da ƙarancin adadin kuzari shine 0.882, kuma ƙimar P na gwajin F shine 0.061 ƙarƙashin 95% amincewa. Tun da ƙimar F-gwajin P ya fi 0.05, abun ciki na danshi na busassun sludge baya nuna mahimmancin haɗin kai tare da ƙarancin adadin kuzari.

Matsakaicin daidaituwa tsakanin abun ciki na kwayoyin halitta na danyen sludge da babban adadin kalori-darajar busassun tushe shine 0.997, kuma ƙimar P na gwajin F shine 0.0033 ƙarƙashin matakin amincewa na 95%. F gwajin P ƙimar ƙasa da 0.05, don haka abun ciki na kwayoyin halitta na ɗanyen sludge yana da alaƙa mai mahimmanci tare da busassun tushe mai ƙimar kalori.

Abubuwan da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta na busassun busassun sun kasance daidai da haɗin kai tare da babban darajar calorific na busassun tushe, kuma babban darajar calorific na busassun tushe ya karu tare da karuwar abubuwan da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta. Haka kuma, madaidaicin daidaituwa tsakanin abun ciki na kwayoyin halitta na busassun sludge da babban adadin kuzari na busassun busassun shine 0.973, kuma ƙimar P na gwajin F ya kasance 0.014 ƙarƙashin matakin amincewa na 95%. Tun da F-gwajin p-darajar ba ta da ƙasa da 0.05, ana iya ganin cewa akwai alaƙa mai mahimmanci tsakanin abubuwan da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta na busassun sludge da babban adadin kalori-darajar busassun tushe.

Daga binciken da aka yi a sama, ana iya ganin cewa darajar caloric na sludge yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da abun ciki na danshi da abubuwan da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta, kuma akwai kyakkyawar dangantaka mai kyau tsakanin kwayoyin halitta na sludge da darajar caloric na sludge busassun tushe. Wannan kuma yana nuna cewa idan an yi amfani da babban adadin inorganic Additives don kwandishan da dehydration na sludge daga najasa magani shuka, ko da yake zai iya taka wani gagarumin dehydration sakamako, da gabatarwar da babban adadin inorganic abubuwa ba kawai inganta tsarin load na sludge bushewa tsari, amma kuma muhimmanci rage kwayoyin halitta abun ciki na sludge, wanda zai haifar da m sakamakon bushewa.

Kammalawa

A cikin wannan takarda, an yi nazarin halayen sludge da ya bushe kafin da kuma bayan bushewa ta hanyar amfani da sludge mai bushewa daga gundumar Qingpu ta Shanghai a matsayin albarkatun kasa.

(1) Tare da ci gaba da bushewa, tsarin shimfidar wuri na sludge yana kusa da hankali, raguwa yana raguwa a hankali, kuma ana rage yawan bushewa a hankali.

(2) Tsarin bushewa na sludge zai faru da ƙananan ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta (2) ta yadda za a rage yawan abubuwan da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta.

(3) Ƙimar ƙarancin caloric na sludge yana da alaƙa mara kyau tare da abun ciki na danshi, amma babu wata dangantaka ta madaidaiciya; Akwai ingantacciyar alaƙa ta layi tsakanin babban adadin kuzari na sludge da abun ciki na kwayoyin halitta. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne don rage yawan danshi na sludge da kuma rage asarar abubuwan da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta a cikin sludge don tabbatar da adadin kuzari na sludge.