Uphononongo ngeempawu zikamasipala zokomisa udaka
Ukuthatha i ukukhupha amanzikaMasipala weSithili saseQingpu Ukucocwa kogutyulo Isityalo njengento eluhlaza, eli phepha lifunda ukungafani kweempawu ze-sludge ngaphambi nangemva kokumisa kwimiba yohlalutyo lwamashishini, i-micromorphology, ukubunjwa okusisiseko kunye nexabiso le-calorific, kwaye inikezela ngedatha eyisiseko yokuzaliseka kokumisa kunye nokutshisa i-sludge.
I-Sludge yimveliso ephuma kuyo inkqubo yokucoca ugutyulo, kunye nomxholo ophezulu wamanzi (ngokubanzi malunga ne-98%), umthamo omkhulu, kunzima ukulahla iimpawu, kunye nokubunjwa kwe-sludge kuyinkimbinkimbi, equkethe inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo, isinyithi esinzima, iityuwa, kunzima ukuthobisa izinto kunye ne-pathogenic microorganisms, amaqanda e-parasitic kunye nokunye. Ngokunzulu kokucocwa kogutyulo, unyango olufanelekileyo kunye nokulahlwa kodaka kubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye udaka olungacocwanga luyingozi enkulu kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-E20 Research Institute, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha se-sludge eyenziwe ngamaziko okucoca amanzi amdaka aphathwa kwaye alahlwe yi-landfill yococeko, kwaye ngaphezu kwe-18% ye-sludge ilahlekile. Ngaphezulu kwe-50% yomthamo wamanzi wama-80% wodaka olugalelwe amanzi alahlwa yindlela elula yokulahla inkunkuma. Le ndlela yokulahla ayinayo kuphela ungcoliseko lwesibini lwendalo esingqongileyo, kodwa ikwathatha indawo enkulu, kwaye akusayi kubakho mhlaba wokungcwaba ekuhambeni kwexesha. Isindululo se Unyango lwe-Sludge kunye neemfuno zokulahlwa kwi-"Water Ten" kunye ne-"13th Five-Year Plan" ikhuthaze ukukhula konyango lwe-sludge kunye nemarike yokulahlwa phantsi kwemeko yemigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo, kwaye iteknoloji yonyango ehambelanayo kunye nezixhobo nazo ziphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza.
"Ezona zikhokelo zobugcisa ezinokubakho zokucoca kunye nokulahlwa kwe-SLUDGE kwindawo yokucocwa kwelindle" ikholelwa ukuba ukomiswa kodaka kunye nokutshiswa koludaka yindlela ekhuthazwa lilizwe lethu kwixesha elizayo. Ukuze uqonde ukomiswa kwe-sludge kunye nokutshisa kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, kuyimfuneko ukufunda ngokucwangcisiweyo iimpawu zodaka ngaphambi nangemva kokumisa kwii-angles ezininzi.
Kulo phepha, iimpawu ze-sludge dehydrated ngaphambi nangemva kokumisa zifundwe kwiinkalo zohlalutyo olusisiseko, i-micromorphology, ukubunjwa okusisiseko kunye nexabiso le-calorific, elibonelela ngedatha eyisiseko yokuzaliseka kokumisa kunye nokutshisa i-sludge.
Izixhobo zovavanyo
Umasipala ukukhupha amanzi yomiswe ngokusebenzisa isomisi sefilimu esibhityileyo, kwaye umzobo wesakhiwo esomisi esibhityileyo siboniswe kuMfanekiso. Umatshini wokomisa ifilimu encinci yenziwe ngegobolondo, i-rotor kunye nesixhobo sokuqhuba. I-rotor isasaza i-dehydrated sludge ibe ngumaleko obhityileyo kudonga lwangaphakathi lwebhatyi yeqokobhe, kwaye yomisa i-sludge ngobushushu obuphezulu bomphunga okanye i-oyile yokuqhuba ubushushu kwibhatyi.
Uhlalutyo olusisiseko kunye nokuthelekisa ngaphambi nangemva kokumisa i-sludge
Umphunga oshushu kakhulu we-160℃ kunye ne-0.6Mpa wagqithiselwa kwisikomisi sefilim esibhityileyo ukomisa udaka olugalelwe amanzi kunye nesiqulatho sokufuma esimalunga ne-80% kwisiqulatho sokufuma esingaphantsi kwama-30%. Udaka ngaphambi nasemva kokomiswa kwathathwa iisampulu kwaye kuhlalutywa amaxesha amaninzi. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba umxholo oguquguqukayo we-sludge wancitshiswa emva kokumisa, kwaye umxholo oguquguqukayo wesiseko sokumisa wancitshiswa ngu-4.53% ~ 8.66%. Ngelo xesha, umxholo womlotha we-sludge wenyuka, kwaye i-calorvalue ephezulu yesiseko sokumisa iyancipha ngo-0.335 ~ 1.15MJ / kg. Oku kungenxa yokuba kwinkqubo yokomisa kwe-thermal, i-volatile organic compounds kwi-sludge kunye namanye amasuntswana odaka olucolekileyo abe yigesi eyomileyo yomsila kunye nomphunga wamanzi owomileyo kwaye ungene kwicandelo elilandelayo lonyango lwerhasi yomsila.
Ukuthelekiswa kwe-Microstructure ye-sludge ngaphambi nangemva kokumisa
Umfanekiso olandelayo ubonisa i-microstructure ye-sludge ngaphambi nangemva kokumisa. Njengoko kunokubonwa kumzobo, i-sludge structure ngaphambi kokuba yomiswe ikhululekile, kwaye inani elikhulu leepolymers ezingaphandle zihlanganiswe kwaye ziqokelelwe ngaphandle kwe-colloid, zenza isakhiwo esicacileyo esicacileyo. Ngale ndlela, amanzi abophekileyo, amanzi angaphakathi kunye namanzi e-intracellular kwi-sludge ahlanganiswe kwi-sludge floc, ukuze kube nzima ukuqhubela phambili ukungcola ngokusebenzisa izenzo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-sludge emva kokumisa, i-sludge ngaphambi kokumisa ine-porosity ephezulu, indawo enkulu yendawo ethile, ukunyanzeliswa okunamandla, kunye ne-sludge floc inokutshatyalaliswa ngokusebenzisa amandla aphantsi omatshini okanye ukubonelela ukushisa. Ngomphunga wamanzi kwi-sludge, isakhiwo se-sludge floc ngokuthe ngcembe siyawa, senza isakhiwo esihlangeneyo kunye nesakhiwo esiqinileyo somgangatho kunye nokunciphisa ngokuthe ngcembe i-voids kumfanekiso osekunene. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamanzi okuba ngumphunga nako kuya kuncipha ngokuhla komlinganiselo we-sludge void ratio.
Ukuthelekisa ukuthelekisa udaka ngaphambi nasemva kokumisa
Umzobo ubonisa iziphumo ze-infrared spectral scanning ngaphambi nangemva kokumiswa kodaka. Amaqela asebenzayo amele iqela elomileyo le-sludge likhululekile kakhulu i-H2O, -OH, -CH2, -CH3, i-aromatics ring, C = C, CO, i-halogenated hydrocarbon, njl. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba umxholo weprotheyini ye-sludge organic matter ingaphezulu kwe-60%, i-lipid imalunga ne-20%, isitashi kunye neselulosi malunga ne-15%, ukubola kwezi zinto eziphilayo kuya kuvelisa i-NH3, i-H2S kunye ne-VOC kunye nezinye iigesi ezivumba.
I-EPS i-polymer ephezulu eyenziwe ngeprotheni, i-polysaccharide kunye nenani elincinci le-lipids, i-nucleic acid kunye ne-humus. Ukufunyanwa kweempawu ze-EPS zeempawu zibonisa ubukho bexabiso elikhulu le-EPS kwi-sludge. Njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-organic ye-sludge, umxholo we-EPS umisela ubunzulu be-infrared absorption yamaqela asebenzayo e-sludge. Ngokuthelekisa i-spectra ye-infrared ye-sludge ngaphambi nangemva kokumisa kwaye ingabandakanyi ukuphazamiseka okufihlakeleyo kokungcola kwi-sludge ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhlalutya, kunokubonwa ukuba i-infrared absorption intensity ye-sludge ngaphambi kokumisa iphezulu kakhulu kune-sludge emva kokumisa. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-sludge ngaphambi kokumisa, i-spectra ye-sludge emva kokumisa ibonise ukuba i-shoulder peaks kwi-1654 kunye ne-1543cm-1 (C = C), i-2924cm-1 (CH) kunye ne-1076cm-1 (CO) yayincinci, ebonisa ukubola kwezinto ezinjenge-protein-like ludge ngexesha lenkqubo yokomisa. Oku kukwachaza ukuhla komxholo we-organic matter kunye nomxholo oguquguqukayo wezinto emva kokumiswa kodaka.
Ukuthelekiswa komgangatho womswakama, izinto eziphilayo kunye nexabiso le-calorific ye-sludge ngaphambi nangemva kokumisa
I-organic matter kwi-sludge ngumboneleli oyintloko we-calorvalue ye-sludge, ngelixa umswakama we-sludge unempembelelo enkulu kwi-calorvalue. Umswakama ophezulu we-sludge unexabiso eliphantsi le-calorific, eliya kuchaphazela ngokuqinisekileyo ukutshiswa kwe-sludge. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla enkqubo kwinkqubo yokumisa i-sludge isetyenziselwa ukukhupha amanzi kwi-sludge.
Umxholo wezinto eziphilayo ze-sludge emva kokumisa uyancipha kancane, kwaye ixabiso elihambelanayo le-calorification ephezulu yesiseko esomileyo nalo lehla kancinci. Ulungelelwaniso phakathi komthamo womswakama we-sludge kunye ne-calorie-value, kunye nokulungelelaniswa phakathi kwe-sludge organic matter kunye ne-calorie-value yafundwa ngokulandelelana, kwaye i-coefficient yokulungelelaniswa phakathi kwezinto eziguquguqukayo ifunyenwe ngokuguqulwa komgca, kwaye uhlalutyo lokulungelelanisa lwenziwa.
Kukho unxulumano olubi phakathi kokunyakama kodaka olomileyo kunye nexabiso layo eliphantsi le-calorific, elihla ngokunyuka kokufuma. Nangona kunjalo, i-coefficient yokulungelelaniswa phakathi komthamo womswakama owomileyo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi lekhaloji yi-0.882, kwaye ixabiso le-P lovavanyo lwe-F ngu-0.061 phantsi kwe-95% yokuzithemba. Ekubeni ixabiso le-F-test P lingaphezulu kwe-0.05, umxholo wokufuma we-sludge owomileyo awubonisi ulungelelwaniso olubalulekileyo lomgca kunye nexabiso lekhaloji ephantsi.
I-coefficient yokulungelelanisa phakathi komxholo wezinto eziphilayo ze-sludge eluhlaza kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lekhalori-ixabiso elomileyo laliyi-0.997, kwaye ixabiso le-P lovavanyo lwe-F ngu-0.0033 phantsi kwenqanaba lokuzithemba kwe-95%. Uvavanyo lwe-F ixabiso le-P lingaphantsi kwe-0.05, ngoko umxholo wezinto eziphilayo ze-sludge eluhlaza unonxibelelwano olubalulekileyo kunye nesiseko esomileyo sexabiso lekhalori-ixabiso.
Umxholo wezinto eziphilayo ze-sludge ezomileyo zihambelana ngokufanelekileyo kunye nexabiso eliphezulu le-calorific yesiseko esomileyo, kunye nexabiso eliphezulu le-calorific yesiseko esomileyo landa ngokunyuka kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphezu koko, i-coefficient yokulungelelanisa phakathi komxholo wezinto eziphilayo ze-sludge eyomileyo kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lekhalori ye-substrate eyomileyo yayingu-0.973, kwaye ixabiso le-P lovavanyo lwe-F ngu-0.014 phantsi kokuzithemba kwe-95%. Ekubeni i-F-test p-value ingaphantsi kwe-0.05, kunokubonwa ukuba kukho ukulungelelaniswa okubalulekileyo phakathi komxholo wezinto eziphilayo ze-sludge eyomileyo kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lekhalori lesiseko esomileyo.
Ukususela kolu hlalutyo lungentla, kunokubonwa ukuba ixabiso lekhalori le-sludge lihambelana ngokusondeleyo kumxholo womswakama kunye nomxholo wezinto eziphilayo, kwaye kukho ukulungelelaniswa okubalulekileyo phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo ze-sludge kunye nexabiso le-calorage ye-sludge dry base. Oku kukwabonisa ukuba ukuba inani elikhulu lezongezo ze-inorganic zisetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa kunye nokuphelelwa amanzi kwi-sludge kwisityalo sokucoca amanzi amdaka, nangona ingadlala umphumo omkhulu wokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ukuqaliswa kwenani elikhulu lezinto ezingaphiliyo aziyi kuphucula kuphela umthwalo wenkqubo yenkqubo yokomisa i-sludge, kodwa ukunciphisa kakhulu umxholo we-organic we-sludge kunye nemiphumo eyomileyo. ukutshiswa.
Ukuqukumbela
Kweli phepha, iimpawu ze-sludge dehydrated ngaphambi nangemva kokumisa zahlaziywa ngokusebenzisa i-sludge dehydrated ukusuka kwiSithili saseQingpu saseShanghai njengento eluhlaza.
(1) Ngenkqubela phambili yokumisa, isakhiwo somphezulu we-sludge sisondela ngokuthe ngcembe, i-gap iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokumisa kuyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe.
(2) Inkqubo yokomisa ye-sludge iya kwenzeka inani elincinci lokubola kwezinto eziphilayo, ukwenzela ukuba umxholo wezinto eziphilayo kunye ne-volatile ye-sludge emva kokumisa kuncitshiswe kancinci.
3 Kwakukho ulungelelwaniso olulungileyo phakathi kwexabiso lekhaloji ephezulu ye-sludge kunye nomxholo wayo we-organic matter. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa umthamo womswakama we-sludge kunye nokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwezinto eziphilayo kwi-sludge ukuqinisekisa i-calorvalue ye-sludge.