Ucwaningo ngezici zikamasipala zokomisa udaka
Ukuthatha i ukukhipha amanzikaMasipala Wesifunda saseQingpu Ukwelashwa Kwendle Isitshalo njengempahla eluhlaza, leli phepha lifunda umehluko wezimpawu ze-sludge ngaphambi nangemva kokoma kusuka ezicini zokuhlaziywa kwezimboni, i-micromorphology, ukwakheka okuyisisekelo kanye nevelu ye-calorific, futhi inikeza idatha eyisisekelo yokufezeka kokumiswa nokushiswa kodaka.
I-Sludge iwumkhiqizo we- inqubo yokuhlanza indle, ngokuqukethwe kwamanzi amaningi (ngokuvamile mayelana ne-98%), ivolumu enkulu, kunzima ukulahla izici, futhi ukubunjwa kwe-sludge kuyinkimbinkimbi, equkethe inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo, izinsimbi ezinzima, usawoti, okunzima ukwehlisa izinto kanye nama-microorganisms e-pathogenic, amaqanda e-parasitic nokunye. Ngokujula kokulahlwa kwendle, ukuphathwa kahle nokulahlwa kodaka kuya ngokuya kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi udaka olungageziwe luwusongo olukhulu emvelweni.
Ngokusho kwedatha ye-E20 Research Institute, ngaphezu kwesigamu sodaka olukhiqizwa izitshalo zokukhuculula indle luyaphathwa futhi lulahlwe ngokulahlwa kwenhlanzeko, futhi ngaphezu kuka-18% wodaka luyalahleka. Amaphesenti angaphezu kwama-50 wamanzi angama-80% odaka oluchithiwe alahlwa ngendlela elula yokulahla imfucumfucu. Le ndlela yokulahla ayigcini nje ngokuba nokungcoliswa kwemvelo okungathí sina kwesibili, kodwa futhi ithatha indawo enkulu, futhi ngeke ibe khona indawo yokungcwaba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isiphakamiso se Ukwelapha Udaka kanye nezidingo zokulahlwa "ku-Water Ten" kanye "noHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lweminyaka Emihlanu" kukhuthaze ukukhula kokuphathwa kodaka kanye nemakethe yokulahlwa ngaphansi kwesimo sezinqubomgomo ezivumayo, futhi ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha obuhlobene kanye nemishini nakho kuthuthuke ngokushesha.
"Iziqondiso zezobuchwepheshe ezingcono kakhulu zokwelashwa nokulahlwa kwe-SLUDGE endaweni yokukhuculula indle" ikholelwa ukuthi ukomiswa kodaka nokushiswa kwendle kuyisiqondiso esikhuthazwa izwe lethu esikhathini esizayo. Ukuze ubone ukomiswa kwe-sludge kanye nokushiswa ngokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, kuyadingeka ukutadisha ngokuhlelekile izici ze-sludge ngaphambi nangemuva kokoma kuma-engeli amaningi.
Kuleli phepha, izici ze-sludge dehydrated ngaphambi nangemva kokumiswa zifundwe kusukela ezicini zokuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo, i-micromorphology, ukwakheka okuyisisekelo kanye nenani le-calorific, elinikeze idatha eyisisekelo yokufezeka kokumisa nokushiswa kwe-sludge.
Imishini yokuhlola
Umasipala ukukhipha amanzi yomiswa ngokusebenzisa isomisi sefilimu esincane, futhi umdwebo wesakhiwo sesomisi esincane esincane siboniswa kuMfanekiso. Umshini owomisa ifilimu ozacile wakhiwe ngegobolondo, i-rotor kanye nedivayisi yokushayela. I-rotor isakaza i-dehydrated sludge ibe ungqimba oluncane odongeni lwangaphakathi lwebhantshi legobolondo, bese yomisa udaka ngesitimu sokushisa okuphezulu noma uwoyela wokushisa ejazini.
Ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo nokuqhathanisa ngaphambi nangemva kokumiswa kodaka
Isitimu esishise ngokweqile esingu-160 ℃ kanye no-0.6Mpa sadluliselwa emshinini wokomisa ifilimu omncane ukuze komiswe udaka oluchithiwe olunomswakama ongaba ngu-80% kuya kumswakama ongaphansi kuka-30%. Udaka ngaphambi nangemuva kokomiswa kwathathwa isampula futhi kwahlaziywa izikhathi eziningi. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi okuqukethwe okuguquguqukayo kwe-sludge kuye kwancishiswa ngemva kokoma, futhi okuqukethwe okuguquguqukayo kwesisekelo sokumisa kwehliswe ngo-4.53% ~ 8.66%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, okuqukethwe komlotha we-sludge kwanda, futhi i-calorvalue ephezulu yesisekelo sokumisa yehla ngo-0.335 ~ 1.15MJ / kg. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngesikhathi sokumisa okushisayo, izinhlanganisela zezinto eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo odaka nezinye izinhlayiya ezinhle zodaka ziba igesi yomsila owomile kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi owomisayo bese ungena esigabeni esilandelayo sokwelashwa kwegesi yomsila.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-Microstructure ye-sludge ngaphambi nangemva kokumiswa
Umfanekiso olandelayo ubonisa i-microstructure ye-sludge ngaphambi nangemva kokumiswa. Njengoba kungase kubonakale emfanekisweni, isakhiwo se-sludge ngaphambi kokomiswa sikhululekile, futhi inqwaba yama-polymers angaphandle ahlanganiswe futhi aqoqwe ngaphandle kwe-colloid, enze isakhiwo esicacile se-aggregate. Ngale ndlela, amanzi ahlanganisiwe, amanzi aphakathi nendawo kanye namanzi e-intracellular ku-sludge ahlanganiswe ku-sludge floc, ukuze kube nzima ukuqhubeka nokukhipha amanzi ngokusebenzisa izenzo zomzimba namakhemikhali. Uma kuqhathaniswa nodaka ngemva kokoma, i-sludge ngaphambi kokoma ine-porosity ephakeme, indawo engaphezulu ethize enkulu, ukucindezelwa okuqinile, kanye ne-sludge floc ingabhujiswa ngokusebenzisa amandla aphansi emishini noma ukunikeza ukushisa. Ngokuhwamuka kwamanzi odongeni, isakhiwo se-sludge floc siyawa kancane kancane, sakhe isakhiwo esihlanganisiwe esinesakhiwo esingaphezulu esiqinile futhi kancane kancane sincipha ama-voids emfanekisweni ongakwesokudla. Nokho, ukusebenza kahle kokuhwamuka kwamanzi kuzokwehla ngokuncipha kwenani le-sludge void ratio.
Ukuqhathaniswa kokuqanjwa kwe-sludge ngaphambi nangemva kokumiswa
Isibalo sibonisa imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kokuskena kwe-infrared spectral ngaphambi nangemuva kokomiswa kodaka. Amaqembu asebenzayo amelela iqembu elomile le-sludge ikakhulukazi mahhala i-H2O, -OH, -CH2, -CH3, indandatho enamakha, i-C=C, i-CO, i-halogenated hydrocarbon, njll. Kubonisa ukuthi okuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo ku-sludge kuphezulu, futhi izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zingase zibe amaprotheni, i-lipid, isitashi kanye ne-cellulose. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni odaka lwento ephilayo kungaphezu kuka-60%, i-lipid cishe i-20%, isitashi ne-cellulose cishe i-15%, ukubola kwalezi zinto eziphilayo kuzokhiqiza i-NH3, i-H2S ne-VOCs namanye amagesi ephunga.
I-EPS iyi-polymer ephezulu eyenziwe ngamaprotheni, i-polysaccharide kanye nenani elincane le-lipids, i-nucleic acid ne-humus. Ukutholwa kwezinhlanganisela zesici se-EPS kukhombisa ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu le-EPS kudaka. Njengengxenye ebalulekile ye-organic ye-sludge, okuqukethwe kwe-EPS kunquma ukushuba kwe-infrared yamaqembu asebenzayo wesici sodaka. Ngokuqhathanisa i-spectra ye-infrared ye-sludge ngaphambi nangemuva kokoma futhi ingabandakanyi ukuphazamiseka okucashile kokungcola odongeni phakathi nenqubo yokuhlaziya, kungabonakala ukuthi ukushuba kwe-infrared infrared sludge ngaphambi kokoma kuphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo ye-sludge ngemva kokoma. Uma kuqhathaniswa nodaka ngaphambi kokoma, i-spectra ye-sludge ngemva kokoma ibonise ukuthi ukuphakama kwehlombe ku-1654 no-1543cm-1 (C=C), 2924cm-1 (CH) kanye no-1076cm-1 (CO) kwakuncane, okubonisa ukubola kwezinto ezinjengamaprotheni ngesikhathi somisa. Lokhu futhi kuchaza ukwehla kokuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuqukethwe kwento eguqukayo ngemva kokoma kodaka.
Ukuqhathaniswa kokuqukethwe komswakamo, izinto eziphilayo kanye nenani lekhalori le-sludge ngaphambi nangemuva kokumiswa
I-organic matter e-sludge ingumhlinzeki oyinhloko we-calorvalue ye-sludge, kanti okuqukethwe komswakama we-sludge nakho kunethonya elikhulu ku-calorvalue. Umswakama ophezulu we-sludge unenani eliphansi le-calorific eliphansi, elizothinta nakanjani ukushiswa kwe-sludge. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla esistimu enqubweni yokomisa udaka kusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukuhwamulisa amanzi odaka.
Okuqukethwe kwe-organic matter kodaka ngemva kokoma kwehle kancane, futhi inani eliphezulu elihambisanayo le-calorification yesisekelo esomile nalo lehla kancane. Ukuhlobana phakathi kokuqukethwe komswakama we-sludge kanye nenani lekhalori, kanye nokuhlobana phakathi kwe-sludge organic matter ne-calorie-value kwafundwa ngokulandelana, futhi i-coefficient yokuhlobana phakathi kokuguquguqukayo yatholwa ngokuhlehla komugqa, futhi ukuhlaziya ukuhlobana kwenziwa.
Kukhona ukuhlobana okungekuhle phakathi komswakamo wodaka olomile kanye nenani lawo lekhalori eliphansi, elincipha ngokwanda komswakama. Nokho, i-coefficient yokuhlobanisa phakathi kokuqukethwe komswakama we-sludge esomile kanye nenani eliphansi lekhalori ngu-0.882, futhi inani le-P lokuhlola lika-F lingu-0.061 ngaphansi kokuzethemba okungu-95%. Njengoba inani le-F-test P lingaphezulu kuka-0.05, okuqukethwe umswakama we-sludge esomile akubonisi ukuhlobana okubalulekile komugqa nevelu yekhalori ephansi.
I-coefficient yokuhlobanisa phakathi kokuqukethwe kwe-organic matter ye-sludge eluhlaza kanye nenani eliphezulu lekhalori lesisekelo esomile lalingu-0.997, futhi inani le-P lokuhlolwa kuka-F lalingu-0.0033 ngaphansi kwezinga lokuzethemba elingu-95%. Ivelu ye-F yokuhlola P ingaphansi kuka-0.05, ngakho-ke okuqukethwe kwe-organic matter ye-sludge eluhlaza kunokuhlobana okubalulekile nesisekelo esomile senani lekhalori eliphezulu.
Okuqukethwe kwe-organic matter yodaka olomile kwakuhlotshaniswa kahle nevelu ye-calorific ephezulu yesisekelo esomile, kanye nevelu ye-calorific ephezulu yesisekelo esomile anda ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-coefficient yokuhlobanisa phakathi kokuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo zodaka olomile kanye nenani eliphezulu lekhaloji le-substrate eyomile lalingu-0.973, futhi inani le-P lokuhlolwa kuka-F lalingu-0.014 ngaphansi kwezinga lokuzethemba lika-95%. Njengoba inani le-p-test lika-F lingaphansi kuka-0.05, kungabonakala ukuthi kunokuhlobana okubalulekile phakathi kokuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo zodaka olomile kanye nenani eliphezulu lekhalori lesisekelo esomile.
Kusukela ekuhlaziyweni okungenhla, kungabonakala ukuthi inani lekhaloji le-sludge lihlobene eduze nokuqukethwe komswakama kanye nokuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo, futhi kukhona ukuhlobana okubalulekile okuhle phakathi kokuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo zodaka kanye nenani lekhaloji lesisekelo esomile se-sludge. Lokhu futhi kubonisa ukuthi uma inani elikhulu lezithasiselo ze-inorganic zisetshenziselwa isimo kanye nokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi kwe-sludge esitshalweni sokuhlanza indle, nakuba ingadlala umphumela omkhulu wokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ukwethulwa kwenani elikhulu lezinto ezingaphili ngeke nje kuthuthukise umthwalo wesistimu wenqubo yokumisa udaka, kodwa futhi kunciphisa kakhulu okuqukethwe kwe-organic udaba lwe-sludge kanye nemiphumela eyomile, okuzobangela imiphumela eyomile. ukushiswa.
Isiphetho
Kuleli phepha, izici zodaka oluphelelwe amanzi ngaphambi nangemuva kokomiswa zahlaziywa kusetshenziswa udaka oluphelelwe amanzi oluvela esifundeni sase-Qingpu saseShanghai njengempahla eluhlaza.
(1) Ngokuqhubeka nokomisa, isakhiwo esingaphezulu se-sludge sivaleka kancane kancane, igebe liyancishiswa kancane kancane, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokumisa kuyancishiswa kancane kancane.
(2) Inqubo yokomisa ye-sludge izokwenzeka inani elincane lokubola kwezinto eziphilayo, ukuze okuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nendaba eguquguqukayo ye-sludge ngemva kokoma kuncishiswe kancane.
(3) Inani lekhaloji eliphansi le-sludge lihlotshaniswa kabi nomswakama walo, kodwa abukho ubudlelwano obusobala bomugqa; Kube khona ukuhlobana komugqa okuhle phakathi kwevelu yekhaloji ephezulu yedaka nokuqukethwe kwento ephilayo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa umswakama we-sludge futhi unciphise ukulahlekelwa kokuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo ku-sludge ukuqinisekisa i-calorvalue ye-sludge.