Kwiga kumiterere ya komine yumye

Gufata amaziy'Umujyi wa Qingpu Gutunganya umwanda Gutera nkibikoresho fatizo, iyi mpapuro yiga itandukaniro mubiranga isuka mbere na nyuma yo gukama uhereye mubice byisesengura ryinganda, micromorphologie, ibanze shingiro nagaciro ka calorifique, kandi itanga amakuru yibanze yo kumenya gukama no gutwika imyanda.

Sludge nigicuruzwa cya uburyo bwo gutunganya imyanda, hamwe n’amazi menshi (muri rusange agera kuri 98%), ubwinshi, bigoye kujugunya ibiranga, hamwe n’ibigize umwanda biragoye, birimo ibintu byinshi kama kama, ibyuma biremereye, umunyu, bigoye gutesha agaciro ibintu na mikorobe itera indwara, amagi ya parasitike nibindi. Hamwe nogukomeza gutunganya imyanda, gufata neza no kujugunya imyanda biragenda biba ngombwa, kandi imyanda itavuwe ni ikintu kibangamiye ibidukikije.

Nk’uko imibare y’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya E20 ibigaragaza, kimwe cya kabiri cy’imyanda iterwa n’inganda zitunganya imyanda itunganywa kandi ikajugunywa n’imyanda y’isuku, kandi hejuru ya 18% by’umwanda wabuze. Kurenga 50% byamazi arimo 80% yumwanda wamazi atabwa nuburyo bworoshye bwo kumena imyanda. Ubu buryo bwo kujugunya ntabwo bufite umwanda ukabije w’ibidukikije gusa, ahubwo bufite n'umwanya munini, kandi nta butaka buzashyingurwa mu gihe kirekire. Icyifuzo cya Kuvura umwanda n'ibisabwa kujugunywa muri "Amazi Icumi" na "Gahunda ya 13 Yimyaka 5" byateje imbere iterambere ry’isoko ryo gutunganya no guta imyanda hashingiwe kuri politiki nziza, kandi ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho bijyanye no kuvura nabyo byateye imbere byihuse.

"Amabwiriza meza ashoboka ya tekiniki yo gutunganya SLUDGE no kujugunya mu ruganda rutunganya imyanda" yizera ko kumisha imyanda no gutwika ari cyo cyerekezo igihugu cyacu kizaza mu gihe kiri imbere. Kugirango tumenye kumisha no gutwika hamwe nubushobozi buke no gukoresha ingufu nke, birakenewe ko twiga buri gihe ibiranga umwanda mbere na nyuma yo gukama uhereye kumpande nyinshi.

Muri iyi nyandiko, ibiranga umwanda udafite umwuma mbere na nyuma yo gukama byakozweho ubushakashatsi uhereye ku isesengura ry’ibanze, micromorphologie, ibigize shingiro n’agaciro ka calorificique, byatangaga amakuru y’ibanze yo kumenya gukama no gutwika imyanda.

Ibikoresho by'igerageza

Komine amazi yumishijwe ukoresheje firime yoroheje, kandi igishushanyo mbonera cyimiterere yumye yoroheje igaragara mubishusho. Imashini yumisha firime yoroheje igizwe nigikonoshwa, rotor nigikoresho cyo gutwara. Rotor ikwirakwiza umwanda wa dedehydrated mu gipimo cyoroshye ku rukuta rw'imbere rw'ikoti ry'igikonoshwa, kandi ikuma umwanda ukoresheje ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyangwa amavuta yo gutwara ubushyuhe mu ikoti.

Isesengura ryibanze no kugereranya mbere na nyuma yo kumisha

Umwuka ushushe wa 160 ℃ na 0,6Mpa wanyujijwe mu cyuma cyoroshye cya firime kugirango wumishe umwanda wamazi ufite amazi agera kuri 80% kugeza ubuhehere buri munsi ya 30%. Amazi mbere na nyuma yo gukama yatoranijwe kandi asesengurwa inshuro nyinshi. Ibisubizo byerekanye ko ibintu bihindagurika byamazi byagabanutse nyuma yo gukama, naho ibintu bihindagurika byumye byagabanutseho 4.53% ~ 8.66%. Muri icyo gihe, ibivu birimo ivu byiyongereye, kandi calorvalue yo hejuru yumye yagabanutseho 0.335 ~ 1.15MJ / kg. Ibi biterwa cyane cyane nuko mugihe cyo gukama ubushyuhe, ibinyabuzima bihindagurika bihindagurika mukibumbano hamwe nuduce tumwe na tumwe twiza twa shitingi bihinduka gaze yumurizo wumye hamwe numwuka wamazi wumye hanyuma ukinjira mugice gikurikira cyo gutunganya gaz umurizo.

Kugereranya Microstructure yo kugereranya mbere na nyuma yo gukama

Igishushanyo gikurikira cyerekana microstructure ya silige mbere na nyuma yo gukama. Nkuko bigaragara kuri iki gishushanyo, imiterere ya silige mbere yo gukama irarekuwe, kandi umubare munini wa polymers zidasanzwe zipfunyikirwa hanyuma ziteranirizwa hanze ya colloid, zigizwe nuburyo bugaragara. Muri ubu buryo, amazi aboshye, amazi aringaniye hamwe n’amazi adasanzwe mu mwobo apfunyitse mu muferege w’amazi, ku buryo bigoye gukomeza kubura amazi binyuze mu bikorwa by’umubiri n’imiti. Ugereranije na siliveri nyuma yo gukama, isuka mbere yo gukama ifite ububobere buke, ahantu hanini hihariye hihariye, kwikanyiza gukomeye, hamwe na flock flock irashobora gusenywa ukoresheje imbaraga za mashini zo hasi cyangwa gutanga ubushyuhe. Hamwe no guhumeka kwamazi mumazi, imiterere ya flock flock igenda isenyuka buhoro buhoro, ikora imiterere rusange hamwe nubuso bukomeye kandi bigenda bigabanuka buhoro buhoro mubishusho iburyo. Nyamara, uburyo bwo guhumeka bwamazi nabwo buzagabanuka hamwe nigabanuka ryikigereranyo cyubusa.

Kugereranya ibihimbano mbere na nyuma yo gukama

Igishushanyo cyerekana ibisubizo bya infragre ya spran ya scanne isesengura mbere na nyuma yo kumisha. Amatsinda ahagarariye amatsinda yumye yumye cyane cyane ni ubuntu H2O, -OH, -CH2, -CH3, impeta ya aromatiya, C = C, CO, hydrocarubone ya halogene, nibindi byerekana ko ibinyabuzima biri mumase ari byinshi, kandi ubwoko bwibinyabuzima bushobora kuba proteyine, lipide, krahisi na selile. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko intungamubiri za poroteyine zifite ibinyabuzima birenga 60%, lipide igera kuri 20%, ibinyamisogwe na selile biri hafi 15%, kubora kw’ibinyabuzima bizabyara NH3, H2S na VOC hamwe n’indi myuka ihumura.

EPS ni polymer ndende igizwe na proteyine, polysaccharide hamwe na lipide nkeya, aside nucleic na humus. Kumenya ibice biranga EPS byerekana ko hariho umubare munini wa EPS mumase. Nkibintu byingenzi bigize ibibyimba, ibirimo bya EPS bigena ubukana bwimikorere ya infragre yimikorere ya silge iranga amatsinda akora. Mugereranije infrarafarike ya sprake ya siliveri mbere na nyuma yo gukama kandi ukuyemo kwivanga kwihishe kwimyanda mumyanda mugihe cyisesengura, birashobora kugaragara ko ubukana bwimikorere ya infragre yimyanda mbere yo gukama iba hejuru cyane kuruta iyumisha nyuma yo kumisha. Ugereranije n'akabuto mbere yo gukama, spekrice y'amazi nyuma yo gukama yerekanaga ko igitugu kigera kuri 1654 na 1543cm-1 (C = C), 2924cm-1 (CH) na 1076cm-1 (CO) cyari gito, ibyo bikaba byerekanaga kubora kw'ibintu bimeze nka poroteyine mugihe cyo kumisha imyanda. Ibi birasobanura kandi kugabanuka kwibintu kama nibirimo bihindagurika nyuma yo kumisha.

Kugereranya ibirimo ubuhehere, ibintu kama nagaciro ka calorificateur ya silige mbere na nyuma yo gukama

Ikintu kama kama mumashanyarazi nicyo kintu nyamukuru gitanga kalorvalue yumwanda, mugihe ibirimo ubuhehere bwamazi nabyo bigira uruhare runini kuri calorvalue. Ubushuhe buhebuje bwibisigazwa bufite agaciro gake karori, byanze bikunze bizagira ingaruka kumuriro. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha ingufu za sisitemu mugikorwa cyo kumisha imyanda ikoreshwa cyane cyane guhumeka amazi mumazi.

Ibinyabuzima bigize ibibyimba nyuma yo gukama byagabanutseho gato, kandi agaciro gakomeye ka calorifike yumutungo wumye nako wagabanutseho gato. Isano riri hagati yubushuhe bwamazi hamwe na calorie-agaciro, hamwe nubusabane hagati yibintu kama n’ibintu bya calorie-byagereranijwe, kandi coeffisente ihuriro hagati yimihindagurikire yabonetse kubwo gusubira inyuma, kandi isesengura ryakozwe.

Hariho ihuriro ribi hagati yubushuhe bwamazi yumye hamwe nagaciro kayo karori, bigabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera kwubushuhe. Nyamara, ihuriro rifitanye isano nubushuhe bwumye bwumuti hamwe nububiko buke bwa 0.882, naho P agaciro ka F ni 0.061 munsi yicyizere 95%. Kubera ko F-test P agaciro karenze 0,05, ubuhehere bwibintu byumye ntibigaragaza umurongo ufatika ufitanye isano nagaciro gake.

Ihuriro rifitanye isano n’ibintu kama kama kavanze nigiciro kinini cya calorie-agaciro yumye yari 0.997, naho P agaciro kizamini cya F cyari 0.0033 munsi yicyizere cya 95%. F igeragezwa P agaciro kari munsi ya 0,05, kubwibyo ibinyabuzima bigize ibishishwa bibisi bifite aho bihurira n’ibanze byumye bya calorie-agaciro.

Ibinyabuzima bigize ibishishwa byumye byahujwe neza nagaciro keza ka calorifike yumutungo wumye, kandi agaciro ka calorifike yumutungo wumye wiyongereye hamwe no kwiyongera kwibintu kama. Byongeye kandi, coeffisente ihuriro riri hagati yibintu kama kama yumye hamwe nigiciro kinini cya calorage ya substrate yumye yari 0.973, naho P agaciro ka test ya F yari 0.014 munsi yicyizere cya 95%. Kubera ko F-igeragezwa p-agaciro kari munsi ya 0.05, birashobora kugaragara ko hariho isano rikomeye hagati yibintu kama kama yumye yumye hamwe na calorie-yagaciro yumutungo wumye.

Duhereye ku isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru, birashobora kugaragara ko agaciro ka kaloriya ya siliveri ifitanye isano rya bugufi nubushuhe nibirimo kama, kandi hariho isano rikomeye riri hagati yibintu kama kama nigiciro cya kalori yibiti byumye. Ibi birerekana kandi ko niba umubare munini winyongeramusaruro zikoreshwa mugutunganya no kubura umwanda wamazi ava muruganda rutunganya imyanda, nubwo ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye zo kubura umwuma, kwinjiza ibintu byinshi kama kama ntago bizamura gusa umutwaro wa sisitemu yuburyo bwo kumisha imyanda, ariko bikanagabanya cyane ibinyabuzima bikomoka kumyanda, hanyuma bikazatera ingaruka mbi kumyanda.

Umwanzuro

Muri iyi nyandiko, ibiranga umwanda udafite umwuma mbere na nyuma yo gukama byasesenguwe hifashishijwe umwanda utagira amazi wo mu karere ka Qingpu muri Shanghai nkibikoresho fatizo.

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. Hariho umurongo mwiza uhuza isano hagati ya calorage yo hejuru ya silige hamwe nibirimo kama. Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe kugabanya ubuhehere buri mumazi no kugabanya igihombo cyibintu kama mumyanda kugirango harebwe kalorvalue yumwanda.