Phunzirani za mawonekedwe owumitsa matope a municipalities

Kutenga kuthirira madziwa Qingpu District Municipal Chithandizo cha Chimbudzi Zomera monga zopangira, pepalali limaphunzira za kusiyana kwa makhalidwe a sludge isanayambe komanso itatha kuyanika kuchokera kuzinthu za kusanthula kwa mafakitale, micromorphology, kapangidwe kake ndi mtengo wa calorific, ndipo imapereka deta yofunikira pakuzindikira kuyanika ndi kutentha kwa matope.

Sludge ndi chotulukapo cha njira ya kuchimbudzi, yokhala ndi madzi ambiri (nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 98%), voliyumu yaikulu, yovuta kutaya makhalidwe, ndi mapangidwe a sludge ndi ovuta, omwe ali ndi zinthu zambiri zamoyo, zitsulo zolemera, mchere, zovuta kusokoneza zinthu ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mazira a parasitic ndi zina zotero. Ndi kuzama kwa madzi a m'chimbudzi, chisamaliro choyenera ndi kutaya kwa zinyalala kumakhala kofunika kwambiri, ndipo zinyalala zosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizoopsa kwambiri ku chilengedwe.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa E20 Research Institute, oposa theka la matope opangidwa ndi zimbudzi amatsukidwa ndikutayidwa ndi zinyalala zaukhondo, ndipo zoposa 18% za matope zimatayika. Kuposa 50% ya madzi okwana 80% a matope otsekedwa amatayidwa ndi njira yosavuta yotayirapo. Njira yotayirayi sikuti ili ndi kuipitsidwa kwakukulu kwachiwiri kwa chilengedwe, komanso imatenga malo ambiri, ndipo sipadzakhala malo oti akwirire m'kupita kwanthawi. Malingaliro a Chithandizo cha Sludge ndi zofunika kutaya mu "Madzi Khumi" ndi "13th Five-Year Plan" yalimbikitsa kukula kwa sludge mankhwala ndi kutaya msika pansi chikhalidwe cha mfundo zabwino, ndi luso mankhwala okhudzana ndi zida zapanganso mofulumira.

"Malangizo abwino kwambiri opangira chithandizo ndi kutaya kwa SLUDGE m'malo oyeretsera zimbudzi" amakhulupirira kuti kuyanika ndi kuyatsa matope ndi njira yomwe dziko lathu limalimbikitsa m'tsogolomu. Kuti muzindikire kuyanika kwa sludge ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, ndikofunikira kuphunzira mwadongosolo mawonekedwe a sludge isanayambe kapena itatha kuyanika kuchokera kumakona angapo.

Mu pepalali, makhalidwe a sludge opanda madzi asanayambe kapena kuyanika adaphunzira kuchokera kuzinthu zowunikira, micromorphology, kapangidwe kake ndi mtengo wa calorific, zomwe zinapereka deta yofunikira pakuzindikira kuyanika ndi kutentha kwa sludge.

Zida zoyesera

Municipal kuthirira madzi imawumitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chowumitsira filimu yopyapyala, ndipo mawonekedwe a chowumitsira chowumitsira chowonda akuwonetsedwa pazithunzi. Makina owumitsa filimu amapangidwa ndi chipolopolo, rotor ndi chipangizo choyendetsa. Rotor imafalitsa matope a dedehydrated kukhala wosanjikiza pakhoma lamkati la jekete ya chipolopolo, ndikuwumitsa matopewo ndi nthunzi yotentha kapena mafuta owongolera kutentha mu jekete.

Basic kusanthula ndi kuyerekeza isanayambe ndi pambuyo sludge kuyanika

Nthunzi yotentha kwambiri ya 160 ℃ ndi 0.6Mpa idaperekedwa mu chowumitsira filimu yopyapyala kuti iume matope othira madzi okhala ndi chinyezi pafupifupi 80% mpaka chinyezi chosakwana 30%. Dothi lotayirira lisanayambe komanso litatha kuyanika linkayesedwa ndikuwunikidwa nthawi zambiri. Zotsatirazo zinawonetsa kuti kusungunuka kwa matope kunachepetsedwa pambuyo poyanika, ndipo zowonongeka zowonongeka zinachepetsedwa ndi 4.53% ~ 8.66%. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, phulusa la matope linawonjezeka, ndipo calorvalue yapamwamba ya maziko owumayo inatsika ndi 0.335 ~ 1.15MJ / kg. Izi zili choncho makamaka chifukwa mu ndondomeko ya kuyanika matenthedwe, kosakhazikika organic mankhwala mu sludge ndi ena sludge particles kukhala kuyanika mchira mpweya pamodzi ndi kuyanika madzi nthunzi ndi kulowa wotsatira mchira mankhwala gawo.

Kuyerekeza kwa Microstructure kwa sludge isanayambe kapena itatha kuyanika

Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa microstructure ya sludge isanayambe kapena itatha kuyanika. Monga momwe tikuwonera pachithunzichi, mawonekedwe a sludge asanayambe kuyanika amakhala otayirira, ndipo ma polima ambiri owonjezera amakulungidwa ndikusonkhanitsidwa kunja kwa colloid, ndikupanga mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Mwanjira imeneyi, madzi omangika, madzi osakanikirana ndi madzi osakanikirana ndi madzi mu sludge amakulungidwa mu sludge floc, kotero kuti zimakhala zovuta kuti mupitirize kutaya madzi m'thupi mwa thupi ndi mankhwala. Poyerekeza ndi sludge pambuyo kuyanika, sludge pamaso kuyanika ali apamwamba porosity, lalikulu enieni pamwamba m'dera, amphamvu compressibility, ndi sludge floc akhoza kuwonongedwa pogwiritsa ntchito m'munsi mawotchi mphamvu kapena kupereka kutentha. Ndi evaporation ya madzi mu sludge, sludge floc dongosolo pang'onopang'ono kugwa, kupanga aggregate dongosolo ndi zolimba pamwamba dongosolo ndi kufota pang'onopang'ono voids mu chithunzi kumanja. Komabe, kutentha kwa madzi kumachepanso ndi kuchepa kwa chiŵerengero cha sludge void ratio.

Kuyerekeza kwa matope musanayambe kapena kuyanika

Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa zotsatira za kusanthula kwa infrared spectral scanning isanayambe kapena itatha kuyanika kwa matope. The nthumwi zinchito magulu sludge youma gulu makamaka ufulu H2O, -OH, -CH2, -CH3, onunkhira mphete, C = C, CO, halogenated hydrocarbon, etc. Zimasonyeza kuti organic nkhani zili mu sludge ndi mkulu, ndi organic nkhani mitundu angakhale mapuloteni, lipid, wowuma ndi mapadi. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mapuloteni zili sludge organic kanthu ndi oposa 60%, zamadzimadzi ndi za 20%, wowuma ndi mapadi pafupifupi 15%, kuwonongeka kwa zinthu organic awa adzatulutsa NH3, H2S ndi VOCs ndi mpweya wina fungo.

EPS ndi polima wapamwamba wopangidwa ndi mapuloteni, polysaccharide ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka lipids, nucleic acid ndi humus. Kuzindikira kwazinthu zamtundu wa EPS kukuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa kuchuluka kwa EPS mumatope. Monga chigawo chofunikira cha organic sludge, zomwe zili mu EPS zimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe amtundu wa sludge. Poyerekeza mawonekedwe a infrared a sludge isanayambe kapena itatha kuyanika ndikupatula kusokoneza kobisika kwa zonyansa mumatope panthawi yowunikira, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti kuyamwa kwa infrared kwa sludge musanayambe kuyanika kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri kusiyana ndi matope atatha kuyanika. Poyerekeza ndi matope asanayambe kuyanika, mawonekedwe a sludge atatha kuyanika adawonetsa kuti mapewa amafika pamtunda wa 1654 ndi 1543cm-1 (C = C), 2924cm-1 (CH) ndi 1076cm-1 (CO) anali ang'onoang'ono, zomwe zimasonyeza kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zonga mapuloteni poyanika. Izi zikufotokozeranso kuchepa kwa zinthu zakuthupi ndi zinthu zosasunthika pambuyo poyanika matope.

Kuyerekeza chinyezi, zinthu za organic ndi calorific mtengo wa sludge isanayambe kapena itatha kuyanika

Zomwe zimapangidwira mumatope ndizomwe zimapatsa mphamvu ya calorvalue ya sludge, pamene chinyezi cha sludge chimakhalanso ndi mphamvu yaikulu pa calorvalue. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi cha sludge kumakhala ndi mtengo wochepa wa calorific, womwe ukhoza kukhudza kutenthedwa kwa sludge. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi pakuwumitsa matope kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kusungunula madzi mu sludge.

Zomwe zili mumatope pambuyo poumitsa zidachepa pang'ono, ndipo mtengo wofananira nawo wa calorie wowumawo unatsikanso pang'ono. Kulumikizana pakati pa chinyezi cha sludge ndi calorie-value, ndi kulumikizana pakati pa sludge organic matter ndi calorie-value adaphunziridwa motsatana, ndipo coefficient yolumikizirana pakati pa zosinthikazo idapezedwa ndi kubwezeredwa kwa mzere, ndipo kusanthula kwamalumikizidwe kunachitika.

Pali mgwirizano woipa pakati pa chinyezi cha sludge youma ndi mtengo wake wochepa wa calorific, womwe umachepa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chinyezi. Komabe, coefficient coefficient pakati pa youma sludge chinyezi ndi otsika calorage mtengo ndi 0.882, ndipo P mtengo wa F mayeso ndi 0.061 pansi 95% chidaliro. Popeza mtengo wa F-test P ndi wokulirapo kuposa 0.05, chinyezi cha matope owuma sichiwonetsa kulumikizana kwakukulu kwa mzere ndi calorie yotsika.

Coefficient coefficient pakati pa organic zinthu zomwe zili mumatope aiwisi ndi calorie yapamwamba-mtengo wowuma unali 0.997, ndipo P mtengo wa F mayeso anali 0.0033 pansi pa chidaliro cha 95%. F mayeso P mtengo ndi wocheperapo 0.05, kotero organic zomwe zili mumatope aiwisi zimakhala zogwirizana kwambiri ndi maziko ake owuma okwera ma calorie.

Zomwe zili mumatope owuma zimayenderana bwino ndi kuchuluka kwa ma calorific a maziko owuma, ndipo kukwera kwa calorific wa maziko owuma kumawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zinthu zamoyo. Kuphatikiza apo, coefficient coefficient pakati pa organic zinthu zomwe zili mumatope owuma komanso kuchuluka kwa calorage kwa gawo lapansi lowuma linali 0.973, ndipo P mtengo wa F mayeso anali 0.014 pansi pa chidaliro cha 95%. Popeza kuti F-test p-value ndi yocheperapo 0.05, zitha kuwoneka kuti pali kulumikizana kwakukulu pakati pa zinthu za organic zomwe zili mumatope owuma ndi kuchuluka kwa calorie-mtengo wowuma.

Kuchokera kuzomwe zili pamwambazi, zikuwoneka kuti mtengo wa calorie wa sludge umagwirizana kwambiri ndi chinyezi ndi zinthu zakuthupi, ndipo pali mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zili mumatope ndi mtengo wa calorage wa sludge dry base. Izi zikusonyezanso kuti ngati chiwerengero chachikulu cha zosakaniza zolengedwa ntchito kwa conditioning ndi kuchepa madzi m'thupi la sludge kwa zimbudzi mankhwala chomera, ngakhale kuti akhoza kuimba kwambiri madzi m'thupi tingati, kumayambiriro kwa chiwerengero chachikulu cha inorganic zinthu osati kusintha dongosolo katundu wa sludge kuyanika ndondomeko, komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri organic nkhani zili mu sludge sludge, zomwe zimayambitsa subludge ndi zotsatira zowuma. kuwotcha.

Mapeto

Mu pepalali, mawonekedwe a sludge omwe alibe madzi am'madzi asanayambe kapena kuyanika adawunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito sludge ya Qingpu District ya Shanghai ngati zopangira.

(1) Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa kuyanika, mawonekedwe a pamwamba a sludge amayandikira pang'onopang'ono, kusiyana kumachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kuyanika kumachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono.

(2) The kuyanika ndondomeko sludge zidzachitika pang'ono organic zinthu kuwonongeka, kuti zili organic kanthu ndi kosakhazikika nkhani ya sludge pambuyo kuyanika yafupika.

(3) Mtengo wochepa wa calorage wa sludge umagwirizana molakwika ndi chinyezi chake, koma palibe ubale wowonekera bwino; Panali mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa kuchuluka kwa kalori wa sludge ndi zomwe zili mu organic. Choncho, m'pofunika kuchepetsa chinyezi cha sludge ndi kuchepetsa kutayika kwa zinthu zamoyo zomwe zili mumatope kuti zitsimikizire calorvalue ya sludge.