Waht ke Reverse Osmosis Data Collection le Normalization?

Maemo ana kaofela a ts'ebetso a ama ka kotloloho boleng le bongata ba metsi a permeate ao li-membrane tsa RO li ka li hlahisang. Leha ho le joalo, kaha maemo ana a ts'ebetso a lula a fetoha, ho ke ke ha khoneha ho bapisa ts'ebetso e hlokometsoeng ea litekanyo tse itseng ka nako e le 'ngoe le ho li bapisa le ntlha e' ngoe tlas'a maemo a fapaneng a ts'ebetso. Lintho tse fetohang, joalo ka mocheso, boleng ba metsi a fepa, phallo ea metsi, le ho hlaphoheloa ha sistimi kaofela li ama ts'ebetso ea membrane.

Ho tloaeleha ha data ea RO ho lumella mosebelisi ho bapisa ts'ebetso ea membrane ea RO le maemo a behiloeng a sa itšetleheng ka ho fetoha ha maemo a ts'ebetso. Lintlha tse tloaelehileng li tla lekanya boemo bo tobileng ba lesela la RO le ho bontša ts'ebetso ea 'nete ea membrane ea RO le bophelo bo botle.

Lintlha tse sa tloaelehang li ka khelosa, kaha mefuta e mengata haholo e ka baka liphetoho tse ka 'nang tsa bonahala e le mathata ha, ha e le hantle, li se joalo. Mocheso oa metsi a fepa ke boemo bo bonahalang ka ho fetisisa bo amang ro tsamaiso tshebetso. Molao o akaretsang oa monoana ke ho hakanya phetoho ea phallo ea 1.5% permeate ka tekanyo ea Fahrenheit (F⁰) phetoho.

Tlhaloso ea Boitsebiso

Opereishene ea RO qetellong o amehile ka liphetho tse peli: boleng le bongata ba metsi a hlahisoang. Joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo, lintlha tsena tse peli li ka susumetsoa ke mefuta e mengata e fapaneng e kang khatello ea metsi a fepa, ho hlaphoheloa ha tsamaiso, le liphetoho tsa boleng ba metsi a fepa, ho bolela tse seng kae.

Mabapi le Fetola Osmosis (RO) ho bokella data le ho tloaeleha, ho na le litekanyetso tse tharo tse baloang tse thusang ho fana ka setšoantšo se betere sa ts'ebetso ea 'nete ea membrane le ho thusa ka nepo ho rarolla mathata a ka bang teng tsamaisong ea RO e amanang le bongata le boleng ba metsi a hlahisoang ke sistimi ea RO. Ka ho bokella lintlha tsa ts'ebetso, ho tloaeleha ha data, ebe o tsamaisa data e tloaelehileng ha nako e ntse e ea, le ho bapisa litekanyetso ho ea pele (e balloang ho tloha ho litekanyetso tsa ho qala ha li-membrane tsa RO li ne li le ncha kapa ka mor'a hore li hloekisoe kapa li nkeloe sebaka) ho thusa ho nka khato e matla ho rarolla mathata leha e le afe pele ho senyeha ho ke keng ha etsolloa ho li-membrane tsa RO.

Lintlha tse tharo tse baliloeng tse sebelisoang ho beha leihlo le ho tloaeleha ke:
• Normalized Permeate Flow (NPF)
• Normalized Salt Rejection (NSR)
• Normalized Pressure Differential (NPD)

Normalized Permeate Flow (NPF)

NPF e lekanya palo ea metsi a permeate ao RO e a hlahisang. Haeba NPF e theoha ka 10% ho isa ho 15% ka tlase ho boleng ba motheo (ho bala ha NPF ha ho qaloa ka li-membrane tse ncha kapa ha li-membrane li ne li nkeloa sebaka kapa li hloekisoa) joale sena se bontša hore RO membrane e foiling kapa scaling le li-membrane tsa RO li lokela ho hloekisoa.

Haeba NPF e eketseha, joale sena se bolela hore ho na le tšenyo ho lera la RO. Tšenyo e ka bakoa ke tlhaselo ea lik'hemik'hale (ho tloha ho Oxidizer joalo ka chlorine) ho lera kapa taba ea mochini (joalo ka ho hloleha ha O-ring).

Mokhoa oa Normalized Permeate Flow (NPF) o baloa joang

Mokhoa oa ho bala Normalized Permeate Flow (NPF) ke:

• NPF = Phallo e Feletseng x (Motheo aNDP/aNDP) x (Motheo TCF/TCF)

Moo:

• Fepa TDS = Feed Conductivity/2
• Concentrate Factor = (Permeate Flow + Concentrate Flow) / Concentrate Flow
• Tsepamisa maikutlo TDS = Fepa TDS x Factor Concentrate
• Average Net Driving Pressure (aNDP) = ((((Feed Pressure + Concentrate Pressure)/2) – ((Fepa TDS – Concentrate TDS)/200)) – Permeate Pressure
• Fepa Mocheso C = (5/9) x (Mocheso oa Phepelo - 32)
• TCF (Sebaka sa Tokiso ea Mocheso) = EXP (2640 x ((1/298) - (1/(273+Feed Temp C))))

Ho hana Letsoai le Tloaelehileng (NSR)

NSR e bontša kamoo lesela la RO le hanang letsoai (litšila) ka hona le ama boleng ba metsi. Haeba NSR e fokotseha, joale bongata ba letsoai le kenang ka har'a lera la RO le eketseha ho theha boleng bo tlase ba permeate. Ho fokotseha ha NSR ho ka bonts'a ho senyeha ha lera la RO, ho fokotseha, kapa ho senyeha. Lera la RO le sebetsang hantle le lokela ho fana ka 97% ho 99% ho hana. Lera le nkoa e le "mpe" ha ho hana RO ho theohela ho 90% kapa ka tlase. Nako e tloaelehileng ea ts'ebetso ea RO e na le ho fokotseha ho tsitsitseng ha NSR nakong ea ts'ebeliso e tsoelang pele. Li-membrane tsa RO hangata li nka lilemo tse 'maloa pele li hloka ho nkeloa sebaka' me ho fokotseha ho tsitsitseng ha NSR ke letšoao le tloaelehileng la lera la botsofali. Sehlopha se nepahetseng sa ho hloekisa membrane ea RO se ka thusa ho ntlafatsa NSR.

NSR e ka thusa ho tseba litaba tsa biofouling. Ha biofouling e le ngongoreho, hangata NSR e tla eketseha mme NPF e fokotsehe. Sena ke hobane biofoulant e hlile e tla tiisa mefokolo e nyane ka har'a lera la RO kahoo e eketsa ho hana letsoai. Ha nako e ntse e ea, lera la biofoulant lea tsofala 'me le qala ho shoa le lik'hemik'hale tse kang CO2, methane, le / kapa organic.
li-acids li qala ho ata ka har'a lera le amang boleng ba metsi a phunyeletsang (ho fokotseha ha letsoai ho bakang NSR e tlase).

Mokhoa o Tloaelehileng oa ho Hana Letsoai (NSR) o baloa joang

Mokhoa oa ho bala Normalized Thekiso Rejection (NSR) ke:

• NSR = 100 ((Palo ea Letsoai x (Permeate Flow/Baseline Permeate Flow) x TCF) x 100)

Moo:

• Permeate TDS = Permeate Conductivity x 0.67
• Fepa TDS = Feed Conductivity / 2
• Ho Hana Letsoai = 1 – (Permeate TDS / Feed TDS)
• Letsoai la Letsoai = 1 - Ho Hana Letsoai
• Fepa Mocheso C = (5/9) x (Mocheso oa Phepelo - 32)
• Ntlha ea Tokiso ea Mocheso (TCF) = EXP (2640 x ((1/298) - (1/(273+ Feed Temp C))))

Ntlha ea Tokiso ea Mocheso (TCF) e hlalositsoe

Mocheso oa metsi ke e 'ngoe ea lintlha tsa bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea li-membrane tsa reverse osmosis. Baetsi ba Membrane ba fana ka lintlha tsa ho lokisa mocheso bakeng sa mocheso o fanoeng oa ho sebetsa, o ka fapana ho ea ka moetsi, 'me o ka baloa ka litsela tse fapaneng. Mokhoa oa ASTM, joalo ka ha o bonts'itsoe kaholimo ho lipalo tsa NPF le NSR, ka Membrane Coefficient ea 2640 e sebelisoa molemong oa rona oa ho fumana liphapang tsa RO. Membrane Coefficient ea 2640 e sebelisoa hobane boholo ba li-membrane tsa rona li tla lumellana le palo ena, 'me phello ea ho sebelisa coefficient e itseng bakeng sa lera le leng le le leng la lipalo ha e na thuso.

Normalized Pressure Differential (NPD)

NPD e re bolella hore na spacer ea metsi a phepelo e hloekile hakae ka har'a lera, Li-spacers tsena li ka ba bolelele ba 30- thousandths tsa inch mme li kotsing ea ho hokeloa haholo. Ha plugging e etsahala, ho hanyetsa ho phalla hoa eketseha 'me khatello ea dop e eketseha.

NPD e tla qala ho eketseha ha nako e ntse e ea ka lebaka la ho silafatsoa le ho fokotseha. Li-membrane tsa RO li lokela ho hloekisoa ha DPD e eketseha ka 15% ho 25% ka holimo ho boleng ba motheo. NPD le NPF li lokela ho behoa leihlo hammoho ho fumana hore na li-membrane tsa RO li lokela ho hloekisoa neng. Hangata NPF e tla fokotseha, 'me NPD e tla lula e sa fetohe. Sena ke hobane feela mathata a ho senya / ho eketsa ha a e-s'o hokele li-spacers tsa metsi. Ha nako e ntse e ea, NPD e tla eketseha hammoho le ho theoha ha NPF. Ho fokotseha ha NPD hangata ho bakoa ke lisebelisoa tse fosahetseng kapa liphoso tse entsoeng nakong ea pokello ea lintlha.

Haeba NPD e ka lekanyetsoa bakeng sa mohato o mong le o mong oa RO, hangata mathata a ka khetholloa pakeng tsa ho senya le ho fokotsa ho latela sebaka sa ho theoha ha khatello e eketsehileng. Keketseho ea NPD sethaleng se ka pele sa RO e bonts'a taba e litšila, mme keketseho ea NPD mothating oa bobeli e bonts'a ho eketseha.

Tsela e Tloaelehileng ea Phapang ea Khatello (NPD) e baloang joang

Mokhoa oa ho bala Normalized Pressure Differential (NPD) ke:

• NPD = Ho theoha ha Khatello x (Baseline Average Flow / Average Flow)

Moo:

• Khatello ea Khatello = Khatello ea Fepa - Tsepamisa Khatello
• Karolelano ea Phallo = (Permeate Phallo + Concentrate Flow)/2