Waht ni Guhindura Osmose Ikusanyamakuru hamwe nibisanzwe？

2024-07-20

Hindura Osmose (RO) ikusanyamakuru hamwe nibisanzwe ni ngombwa mugusuzuma imiterere ya membrane no gukemura ibibazo bishobora kuba mbere yuko biba bikomeye. Guhindura ibintu bifatika hamwe nibintu byo hanze bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya membrane ituma igereranya rya pome na pome mugihe cyo gusuzuma amakuru yimikorere.Imikorere isanzwe ya RO igereranwa nifatizo ryashizweho, nkigihe ibibari byari bishya, byasimbuwe, cyangwa byasukuwe.

Amakuru yibanze akusanyirijwe hamwe kugirango amenye ubuzima bwa RO membrane:
1. Kugaburira Ubushyuhe (F⁰)
2. Uruhushya rutemba (GPM)
3. Kwibanda kumurongo (GPM)
4. Kugaburira Umuvuduko (PSI)
5. Kwemeza igitutu (PSI)
6. Kugaburira neza
7. Kwemeza neza

Ibi bintu byose bikora bigira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye ubwiza nubunini bwamazi yinjira muri RO membrane ishobora gutanga. Ariko, kubera ko ibyo bikorwa bigenda bihinduka, ntibishoboka kugereranya imikorere yagaragaye yibipimo bimwe na bimwe mugihe kimwe no kubigereranya nindi ngingo mubihe bitandukanye byimikorere. Guhindura ibintu, nkubushyuhe, kugaburira ubwiza bwamazi, gutembera neza, hamwe na sisitemu igarura byose bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya membrane.

Guhindura amakuru ya RO yemerera uyikoresha kugereranya imikorere ya RO membrane nigipimo cyagenwe kidashingiye kumihindagurikire yimikorere. Ibisobanuro bisanzwe bizapima imiterere itaziguye ya RO membrane kandi yerekana imikorere ya RO nyayo nubuzima.

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Hindura ibikoresho bya Osmose

Amakuru adasanzwe arashobora kuyobya uburari, kubera ko impinduka nyinshi zishobora gutera impinduka zishobora kugaragara nkibibazo mugihe, mubyukuri, sibyo. Kugaburira ubushyuhe bwamazi nuburyo bugaragara bugira ingaruka Sisitemu imikorere. Amategeko rusange yintoki ni kugereranya 1.5% ihinduka ryimyuka kuri dogere Fahrenheit (F⁰).

Kurugero, niba RO yabyaye GPM 50 ya permeate mugihe amazi yo kugaburira yari 60 F⁰ hanyuma ubushyuhe bwamazi yibiryo bukagabanuka 5 F⁰, noneho RO yabyara GPM hafi 46. Kugabanuka kwa 4 GPM nibicuruzwa nibisanzwe rwose hamwe nubushyuhe bwo kugabanuka.

Ibisobanuro byamakuru

Umukoresha wa RO amaherezo ahangayikishijwe n'ibisubizo bibiri: ubwiza n'ubwinshi bw'amazi akorwa. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, ibi bintu byombi birashobora guterwa nimpinduka nyinshi nkumuvuduko wamazi yo kugaburira, kugarura sisitemu, no guhindura ubwiza bwamazi yibiryo, twavuga bike.

Kubyerekeye Hindura Osmose . Mugukusanya amakuru yimikorere, guhuza amakuru, hanyuma ugahindura amakuru asanzwe mugihe, kandi ukagereranya indangagaciro na baseline (ubarwa uhereye kubitangira agaciro mugihe RO membrane yari shyashya cyangwa nyuma yo kozwa cyangwa gusimburwa) itanga ibikorwa bifatika kugirango bikemure ibibazo byose mbere yuko ibyangiritse bidasubirwaho byangirika kuri RO.

Indangagaciro eshatu zabazwe zikoreshwa mugukurikirana no kugendana ni:
• Urujya n'uruza rusanzwe (NPF)
• Kwanga umunyu bisanzwe (NSR)
• Imyuka isanzwe itandukanye (NPD)

Urujya n'uruza rusanzwe (NPF)

NPF ipima ingano y'amazi ya RO akora. Niba NPF igabanutseho 10% kugeza kuri 15% munsi yagaciro kibanze (gusoma kwa NPF mugitangirana nibice bishya cyangwa mugihe ibyasimbuwe cyangwa bisukuwe) noneho ibi byerekana RO membrane yanduye cyangwa yapimye kandi RO igomba guhanagurwa.

Niba NPF yiyongereye, noneho ibi bivuze ko hari ibyangiritse kuri RO membrane. Ibyangiritse birashobora guterwa nigitero cyimiti (kuva an Oxidizer nka chlorine) kuri membrane cyangwa ikibazo cyubukanishi (nko gutsindwa kwa O-impeta).

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Ukuntu Ubusanzwe Bwinjira (NPF) bubarwa

Inzira yo kubara Ibisanzwe byemewe (NPF) ni:

NPF = Uruhushya rutemba x (Baseline aNDP / aNDP) x (Baseline TCF / TCF)

Aho:

Kugaburira TDS = Kugaburira neza / 2
Ikintu Cyibanze = (Uruhushya rutemba + Uruzitiro rutemba) / Urujya n'uruza
Kwibanda kuri TDS = Kugaburira TDS x Ibintu Byibanze
Impuzandengo Yumuvuduko wo Gutwara Net (aNDP) = (((Kugaburira Umuvuduko + Umuvuduko Wibanze) / 2) - (
Kugaburira Ubushyuhe C = (5/9) x (Kugaburira Ubushyuhe - 32)
TCF (Ikintu gikosora ubushyuhe) = EXP (2640 x ((1/298) - (1 / (273 + Kugaburira Ubushyuhe C))))

Kwanga umunyu bisanzwe (NSR)

NSR yerekana uburyo RO membrane yanga umunyu (umwanda) bityo bikagira ingaruka kumazi meza. Niba NSR igabanutse, noneho ingano yumunyu unyura muri RO membrane wiyongera kurema ubuziranenge buke. Kugabanuka kwa NSR kurashobora kwerekana RO membrane ikora nabi, ikagabanuka, cyangwa igabanuka. RO membrane ikora neza igomba gutanga 97% kugeza 99%. Membrane ifatwa nk "mbi" mugihe kwangwa RO bigabanutse kugera kuri 90% cyangwa munsi yayo. Igikorwa gisanzwe cya RO kiranga kugabanuka kwa NSR mugihe gikoreshwa. RO membrane isanzwe imara imyaka itari mike mbere yuko isaba gusimburwa kandi kugabanuka gahoro gahoro muri NSR nikimenyetso gisanzwe cyo gusaza. Igice cyiza cya RO membrane gisukura gishobora gufasha kunoza NSR.

NSR irashobora gufasha mukumenya ibibazo biofouling. Iyo biofouling iteye impungenge, akenshi NSR iziyongera kandi NPF izagabanuka. Ni ukubera ko biofoulant izashyiraho kashe udusembwa duto muri RO membrane bityo bikongerera kwangwa umunyu. Igihe kirenze, ibinyabuzima biofoulant birasaza kandi bigatangira gupfa nubumara nka CO2, metani, na / cyangwa organic
acide itangira gukwirakwira binyuze muri membrane igira ingaruka kumazi meza (kwanga umunyu muke bigatuma NSR yo hasi).

Ukuntu Kwanga Umunyu bisanzwe (NSR) Kubarwa

Inzira yo kubara Igicuruzwa gisanzwe cyo kwangwa (NSR) ni:

NSR = 100 ((Inzira yumunyu x (Uruzi rutemba / Uruzinduko rwibanze) x TCF) x 100)

Aho:

Kwemerera TDS = Kwinjiza neza x 0.67
Kugaburira TDS = Kugaburira neza / 2
Kwanga umunyu = 1 - (Emera TDS / Kugaburira TDS)
Inzira yumunyu = 1 - Kwanga umunyu
Kugaburira Ubushyuhe C = (5/9) x (Kugaburira Ubushyuhe - 32)
Ikintu cyo gukosora ubushyuhe (TCF) = EXP (2640 x ((1/298) - (1 / (273+ Kugaburira Ubushyuhe C))))

Ikosora Ubushyuhe (TCF) Yasobanuwe

Ubushyuhe bwamazi nimwe mubintu byingenzi mumikorere ya osmose revers. Abakora Membrane batanga ubushyuhe bwo gukosora ubushyuhe bwatanzwe nubushyuhe bwo gukora, bushobora gutandukana nuwabikoze, kandi burashobora kubarwa muburyo butandukanye. Uburyo bwa ASTM, nkuko bigaragara hejuru mumibare yombi ya NPF na NSR, hamwe na Coefficient ya Membrane ya 2640 ikoreshwa mugambi wo gushaka itandukaniro rya RO. Coefficient ya Membrane ya 2640 irakoreshwa kuko ibyinshi mubice byacu bizahuza numubare, kandi ingaruka zo gukoresha coefficient yihariye kuri buri membrane kuri kubara ntizihagije.

Imyuka isanzwe itandukanye (NPD)

NPD itubwira uburyo isuku y'amazi y'ibiryo isukuye kuri membrane, Ibyo byogajuru bifite hafi ibihumbi 30-000 bya santimetero imwe gusa kandi byoroshye cyane gucomeka. Mugihe gucomeka bibaye, kurwanya imigezi biriyongera kandi igitutu cyiyongera.

NPD izatangira kwiyongera mugihe kubera amakosa no gupima. Ibice bya RO bigomba gusukurwa mugihe DPD yiyongereyeho 15% kugeza kuri 25% hejuru yagaciro kibanze. NPD na NPF bigomba gukurikiranwa hamwe kugirango hamenyekane igihe RO igomba gusukurwa. Akenshi NPF izagabanuka, kandi NPD ntizahinduka. Ibi ni ukubera ko ibibazo bibi / gupima bitaracomeka ibiryo byamazi. Igihe nikigera, NPD iziyongera ifatanije nigabanuka rya NPF. Kugabanuka kwa NPD mubisanzwe biterwa nibikoresho bitari byo cyangwa amakosa yakozwe mugihe cyo gukusanya amakuru.

Niba NPD ishobora gupimwa kuri buri cyiciro cya RO, mubisanzwe ibibazo birashobora kugaragara hagati yo gukora nabi no gupima ukurikije aho umuvuduko wiyongereye wagabanutse. Ubwiyongere bwa NPD mubyiciro byambere bya RO byerekana ikibazo kibi, naho kwiyongera kwa NPD murwego rwa kabiri byerekana gupima.