Isixhobo esisebenzayo seXJY:Izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo zokucoca amanzi, isisombululo esitsha sonikezelo lwamanzi kwihlabathi
Izixhobo ezihlanganisiweyo zokucoca amanzilusebenza kakhulu kwaye luluncedo Unyango lwamanzi isisombululo.
umfanekiso 1 Umgqomo udityanisiwe Ukucocwa kwamanzi izixhobo
Uyilo oludibeneyo luthetha ukuba zonke izinto eziyimfuneko zokucocwa kwamanzi ziqulethwe ngaphakathi kwesikhongozeli. Oku kubandakanya iinkqubo zokuhluza, iitanki zentlenga, iiyunithi zokubulala iintsholongwane, kunye neempompo. Iinkqubo zokuhluza zinokususa ukungcola okuhlukahlukeneyo okunje ngentlenga, iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, kunye neekhemikhali, ziqinisekisa ukuba amanzi aphumayo adibana nemigangatho ephezulu.
Izixhobo zihlala zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zolawulo oluphezulu ezivumela ukusebenza lula kunye nokubeka iliso. Abaqhubi banokuhlengahlengisa izicwangciso kunye nokubeka iliso kwinkqubo yokucoca ngexesha langempela, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
Izixhobo ezihlanganisiweyo zokucoca amanzi yenzelwe ukuba yomelele kwaye ithembeke. Isikhongozeli sibonelela ngokhuseleko kwi-elementi kwaye sinokumelana nemekobume erhabaxa. Ukongezelela, ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokunikezelwa kwenkonzo kunokwenziwa lula ukuqinisekisa ixesha elide kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo.
Izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo zokucocwa kwamanzi zibandakanya uthotho lweenkqubo zokucoca amanzi. Imigaqo ethile yokusebenza inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo kunye nokucwangciswa kwesixhobo, kodwa oku kulandelayo yinkcazo ngokubanzi:
umfanekiso wesi-3 Itshathi yokuqukuqela yokucocwa kwamanzi
1.Unyango lwangaphambili
Amanzi akrwada angena kwisixhobo kwaye ahamba ngeenkqubo zonyango zangaphambili ezifana nokucoca ukususa amasuntswana amakhulu, intlenga kunye nenkunkuma.
I-Coagulation kunye ne-flocculation: Iikhemikhali zongezwa emanzini ukuze zibangele amaqhekeza amisiweyo kunye nokungcola ukuba adibanise kwaye enze iiflocs ezinkulu.
2.Intlenga
Emva koko, amanzi ahlanjululweyo avunyelwe ukuba ahlale kwi-sedimentation tank, apho iiflocs ezinzima zihlala phantsi kwaye zisuswe.
3.Ukuhluza
Amanzi adlula kwi-filtration medium, njengesanti, i-carbon activated, okanye i-membrane, ukususa ngokuqhubekayo amasuntswana amancinci, ukungcola, kunye ne-flocs eseleyo.
4.Ukubulala iintsholongwane
Amanzi ahluziweyo adla ngokubulawa iintsholongwane kusetyenziswa iindlela ezifana neklorination, i-ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, okanye unyango lwe-ozone ukubulala naziphi na iibhaktheriya eziseleyo, iintsholongwane, kunye nezinye ii-microorganisms.
5.Ukugcinwa kunye nokuhanjiswa
Amanzi acociweyo agcinwa kwitanki aze asasazwe ukuze asetyenziswe ngenkqubo yemibhobho.
Ngethuba lokusebenza kwezixhobo ezidibeneyo zokucoca amanzi, ii-sensor ezahlukeneyo kunye nokulawula zisetyenziselwa ukubeka iliso kunye nokulungelelanisa iinkqubo zonyango ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lwamanzi ahlambulukileyo. Izixhobo zihlala ziyilelwe ukuba zizenzekele kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa, kwaye kufuneka ungenelelo oluncinci lomntu.
Izixhobo ezihlanganisiweyo zokucoca amanzi ifanelekile kwezi meko zilandelayo:
umfanekiso 4 Ukusetyenziswa kokucoca amanzi
1. Impendulo kaxakeka kunye noncedo lwentlekele:
Kwimeko yeentlekele zemvelo ezifana nezikhukula, iinyikima, nezitshingitshane, iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokubonelela ngamanzi zidla ngokonakala. Izixhobo zokuhlanjululwa kwamanzi ezifakwe kwikhonteyina zingathunyelwa ngokukhawuleza kwindawo yentlekele ukubonelela ngamanzi okusela acocekileyo kumaxhoba entlekele kunye nabasebenzi bokuhlangula.
2. Iindawo ezikude kunye neziza zokwakha:
Kwiindawo ezikude apho kungekho ziseko zoncedo lwamanzi ezizinzileyo, okanye kwiindawo zokwakha apho umgangatho wamanzi usenokuba uphantsi, esi sixhobo sinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zamanzi zabantu abasebenza kunye nabahlala apho. Inokucoca imithombo yamanzi asekuhlaleni njengemilambo, amachibi, namaqula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba kukho amanzi akhuselekileyo.
3. Imisebenzi yomkhosi kunye neenkampu zasemaphandleni:
Kwimisebenzi yasemkhosini nakwiinkampu zasemaphandleni, ukuba nomthombo othembekileyo wamanzi acocekileyo kubalulekile. Izixhobo zokucoca amanzi ezifakwe kwikhonteyina zinokuthuthwa ngokulula kwaye zimiselwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ukunika amanzi kumajoni.
4. Imisitho yethutyana kunye neendibano:
Kwimisitho emikhulu yethutyana efana nemiboniso, iminyhadala, kunye nokhuphiswano lwezemidlalo, kufuneka umthamo omkhulu wamanzi acocekileyo. Izixhobo zokucoca amanzi ezifakwe kwikhonteyina zingafakelwa okwethutyana ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yamanzi ngexesha lomsitho.
5. Iziqithi kunye neendawo ezingaselunxwemeni:
Iziqithi kunye neendawo ezikude nonxweme zihlala zijongene nemingeni ekufumaneni amanzi acocekileyo. Izixhobo zokucoca amanzi ezifakwe kwikhonteyina zinokuthuthwa ngenqanawa kwaye zisetyenziselwe ukucoca amanzi olwandle okanye imithombo yamanzi yasekhaya ukubonelela ngamanzi amatsha kubahlali nabasebenzi.
Zeziphi izinto eziluncedo kwisikhongozeli seXJY sezixhobo zokucoca amanzi?
1.Ufakelo olulula
Uyilo lwesikhongozeli lwenza ukuba ulwakhiwo lulonke lwesixhobo ludityaniswe kwaye lunokuthuthwa ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo yokusetyenziswa kofakelo ngaphandle kolwakhiwo oluntsonkothileyo kwindawo kunye nendibano, egcina kakhulu ixesha lofakelo kunye neendleko.
2.Ukushukuma okuguquguqukayo
Iyakwazi ukuhanjiswa ngokulula kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngokweemfuno zamanzi ezahlukeneyo, njengendawo yokubonelela ngamanzi okwethutyana, iindawo zokwakha, iindawo ezikude, njl.njl., ngokushukuma okuqinileyo.
3.Umgangatho olungileyo wamanzi
Itekhnoloji ephucukileyo yokucoca amanzi kunye nenkqubo yokucoca amanqanaba amaninzi ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukususa ngokufanelekileyo ukungcola, ibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, isinyithi esinzima kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo emanzini ukubonelela ngamanzi okusela aphezulu.
4.Ukuhlanganiswa okuphezulu
Amakhonkco amaninzi okucoca amanzi afana nokucocwa kwangaphambili, ukuhluzwa, kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane zidityaniswe kwisitya esinye, kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokuzenzekelayo kwezixhobo, ukusebenza okulula kunye nokulawula, kwaye kuphela inani elincinci labasebenzi elifunekayo ekusebenzeni nokugcinwa.
5.Unyawo oluncinci
Xa kuthelekiswa nezityalo zokucoca amanzi emveli okanye izixhobo ezinkulu zokucocwa kwamanzi, izixhobo zokucoca amanzi ezidityanisiweyo zohlobo lwesitya zithatha indawo encinci kwaye zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinendawo encinci.
6.Ukumelana nemozulu okunamandla
Iqokobhe lesikhongozeli sinokutywinwa kakuhle kunye nokukhuselwa, sinokuqhelana nemozulu eyahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo, kwaye zibonelela ngokhuseleko olufanelekileyo lwezixhobo zangaphakathi.Ixesha elifutshane lokwakha: Ngenxa yomgangatho ophezulu wokudibanisa izixhobo, ukufakwa kwisiza kunye nomsebenzi wokugunyazisa kulula kwaye unokusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamanzi angxamisekileyo okanye iiprojekthi zamanzi zexesha elifutshane.
umfanekiso 5 Izixhobo ezihlanganisiweyo zomgqomo