Ithuluzi elisebenza kahle le-XJY:Izisetshenziswa ezihlanganisiwe zokuhlanza amanzi ezihlanganisiwe, isisombululo esisha sokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi emhlabeni jikelele
Imishini yokuhlanza amanzi ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisiwekuyinto esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi elula Ukwelapha Amanzi isisombululo.
isithombe 1 Isitsha esihlanganisiwe Ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi imishini
Idizayini edidiyelwe isho ukuthi zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo zokuhlanza amanzi ziqukethwe ngaphakathi kwesitsha. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa amasistimu okuhlunga, amathangi okwehlisa, amayunithi okubulala amagciwane, namaphampu. Amasistimu okuhlunga angasusa ukungcola okuhlukahlukene njengenhlabathi, amagciwane, amagciwane, namakhemikhali, aqinisekise ukuthi amanzi aphumayo ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi ephezulu.
Imishini ivamise ukuhlonyiswa ngezinhlelo zokulawula ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezivumela ukusebenza nokuqapha kalula. Ama-opharetha angalungisa izilungiselelo futhi aqaphe inqubo yokuhlanza ngesikhathi sangempela, aqinisekise ukusebenza kahle.
Imishini yokuhlanza amanzi ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisiwe iphinde yakhelwe ukuthi ihlale isikhathi eside futhi ithembeke. Isiqukathi sihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka ezintweni futhi singamelana nezindawo ezinokhahlo. Ukwengeza, ukulungiswa okujwayelekile kanye nokusevisa kungenziwa kalula ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo ende nokusebenza kwemishini.
Izinto ezididiyelwe zokuhlanza amanzi ezifakwe esitsheni ngokuvamile zihlanganisa uchungechunge lwezinqubo zokwelashwa zokuhlanza amanzi. Izimiso ezithile zokusebenza zingahluka kuye ngokwakhiwa nokucushwa kwezisetshenziswa, kodwa okulandelayo incazelo evamile:
isithombe 3 Ishadi eligelezayo lokuhlanzwa kwamanzi
1.Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili
Amanzi aluhlaza angena emishinini futhi adlule ezinqubweni zokwelashwa kwangaphambili ezifana nokuhlunga ukuze kukhishwe izinhlayiya ezinkulu, inzika, nemfucumfucu.
I-coagulation kanye ne-flocculation: Amakhemikhali engezwa emanzini ukuze enze izinhlayiya ezimisiwe nokungcola kugoqe futhi kwakhe ama-flocs amakhulu.
2.Ukuguquguquka
Amanzi agxotshiwe abe esevunyelwa ukuba ahlale ethangini le-sedimentation, lapho ama-flocs esindayo ahlala phansi futhi akhishwe.
3.Ukuhlunga
Amanzi adlula endaweni yokuhlunga, njengesihlabathi, ikhabhoni ecushiwe, noma ulwelwesi, ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokususa izinhlayiya ezincane, ukungcola, nama-flocs asele.
4.Ukubulala amagciwane
Amanzi ahlungiwe ngokuvamile abulawa amagciwane kusetshenziswa izindlela ezifana ne-chlorination, i-ultraviolet (UV) iradiation, noma ukwelashwa kwe-ozone ukuze kubulawe noma yimaphi amagciwane asele, amagciwane, nezinye izinto ezincane.
5.Ukugcina nokusabalalisa
Amanzi ahlanzekile agcinwa ethangini bese asatshalaliswa ukuze asetshenziswe ngohlelo lwamapayipi.
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemishini yokuhlanza amanzi ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisiwe, izinzwa ezihlukahlukene nezilawuli zisetshenziselwa ukuqapha nokulungisa izinqubo zokwelashwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokuphepha kwamanzi ahlanzekile. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zivame ukuklanywa ukuthi zizenzekele futhi zisebenze kalula, kudinga ukungenelela okuncane komuntu.
Imishini yokuhlanza amanzi ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisiwe ilungele lezi zimo ezilandelayo:
isithombe 4 Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlanza amanzi
1. Ukusabela kwezimo eziphuthumayo nokusiza ezinhlekeleleni:
Uma kwenzeka kuba nezinhlekelele zemvelo njengezikhukhula, ukuzamazama komhlaba neziphepho, izimiso ezivamile zokuphakelwa kwamanzi zivame ukonakala. Imishini yokuhlanza amanzi efakwe emabhokisini ingathunyelwa ngokushesha endaweni yenhlekelele ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngamanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile kuzisulu zezinhlekelele kanye nabasebenzi bokuhlenga.
2. Izindawo ezikude nezindawo zokwakha:
Ezindaweni ezikude lapho ingekho khona ingqalasizinda yokuhlinzeka ngamanzi ezinzile, noma ezindaweni zokwakha lapho izinga lamanzi lingase libe liphansi, le mishini ingahlangabezana nezidingo zamanzi zabantu abasebenza futhi abahlala khona. Ingahlanza imithombo yamanzi endawo njengemifula, amachibi, nemithombo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwamanzi aphephile.
3. Imisebenzi yezempi namakamu asezindaweni:
Emisebenzini yezempi namakamu asezindaweni, ukuba nomthombo onokwethenjelwa wamanzi ahlanzekile kubalulekile. Imishini yokuhlanza amanzi efakwe emabhokisini ingathuthwa kalula futhi imiswe ezindaweni ezahlukene ukuze inikeze amasosha amanzi.
4. Imicimbi yesikhashana kanye nemibuthano:
Emicimbini emikhulu yesikhashana efana nemibukiso, imikhosi, nemiqhudelwano yezemidlalo, kudingeka inani elikhulu lamanzi ahlanzekile. Imishini yokuhlanza amanzi efakwe emabhokisini ingafakwa okwesikhashana ukuze ihlangabezane nesidingo samanzi ngesikhathi somcimbi.
5. Izindawo zasesiqhingini nezisogwini:
Iziqhingi nezindawo ezingasogwini zivame ukubhekana nezinselele ekutholeni amanzi ahlanzekile. Impahla yokuhlanza amanzi efakwe emabhokisini ingathuthwa ngomkhumbi futhi isetshenziselwe ukuhlanza amanzi olwandle noma imithombo yamanzi endawo ukuze kuhlinzekwe amanzi ahlanzekile kubahlali nabasebenzi.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zemishini yokuhlanza amanzi yeziqukathi ze-XJY?
Ukufakwa 1.Easy
Idizayini yesiqukathi yenza uhlaka lulonke lwemishini icwebezele futhi ingathuthwa ngokuqondile isiwe endaweni ezosetshenziselwa ukufakwa ngaphandle kokwakhiwa nokuhlanganisa okuyinkimbinkimbi esizeni, okusindisa kakhulu isikhathi sokufakwa nezindleko.
2.Ukuhamba okuguquguqukayo
Ingathuthelwa kalula ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ngokuvumelana nezidingo zamanzi ezahlukene, njengendawo yesikhashana yokuphakelwa kwamanzi, izindawo zokwakha, izindawo ezikude, njll., nokuhamba okuqinile.
3.Ikhwalithi yamanzi enhle
Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokuhlanza amanzi kanye nohlelo lokuhlunga olunezigaba eziningi luvamise ukusetshenziselwa ukususa ukungcola, amabhaktheriya, amagciwane, izinsimbi ezisindayo nokunye okungcolisayo emanzini ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngamanzi okuphuza asezingeni eliphezulu.
4.Ukuhlanganiswa okuphezulu
Izixhumanisi eziningi zokuhlanzwa kwamanzi ezifana nokwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuhluzwa, kanye nokubulala amagciwane kuhlanganiswe esitsheni esisodwa, ngezinga eliphezulu lokuzenzekelayo kwemishini, ukusebenza okulula nokuphatha, futhi isibalo esincane sabasebenzi esidingekayo ukuze sisebenze futhi silungiswe.
5.Izinyathelo ezincane
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo zendabuko zokuhlanza amanzi noma izinto ezinkulu zokuhlanza amanzi, imishini yokuhlanza amanzi edidiyelwe yohlobo lwesitsha ithatha indawo encane futhi ifanele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinendawo elinganiselwe.
6.Ukumelana nesimo sezulu okunamandla
Igobolondo lesitsha linokuvalwa nokuvikeleka okuhle, lingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zezulu nezemvelo ezihlukene, futhi linikeza ukuvikeleka okuhle kwemishini yangaphakathi.Isikhathi sokwakha esifushane: Ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokuhlanganiswa kwemishini, ukufakwa endaweni kanye nomsebenzi wokuthuma ulula futhi ungasetshenziswa ngokushesha ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamanzi eziphuthumayo noma amaphrojekthi amanzi esikhashana.
isithombe 5 Imishini edidiyelwe ehlanganisiwe