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Membrane Bioreactor MBR Package System Sewage Wastewater Treatment Plant
The working principle of mbr membrane bioreactor
MBR membrane bioreactor (MBR) is an efficient wastewater treatment method that combines membrane separation technology and biological treatment technology. Its working principle is mainly based on the following points:
Membrane separation technology: MBR membrane is separated by ultrafiltration or microfiltration membrane technology, replacing the secondary sedimentation tank and conventional filtration unit in the traditional sewage treatment process. This technology can effectively trap activated sludge and macromolecular organic matter, so as to achieve solid-liquid separation.
High-efficiency solid-liquid separation: The high-efficiency solid-liquid separation capacity of MBR membrane bioreactor makes the effluent water quality good, suspended matter and turbidity close to zero, and can trap biological pollutants such as E. coli. The effluent quality after treatment is obviously superior to the traditional wastewater treatment process, and it is an efficient and economical wastewater resource recycling technology.
Optimization of treatment effect: MBR membrane process greatly strengthens the function of bioreactor through membrane separation technology, and is one of the most promising new wastewater treatment technologies compared with traditional biological treatment methods. It has obvious advantages such as high removal rate of pollutants, strong resistance to sludge swelling, stable and reliable effluent quality.
Equipment characteristics: The characteristics of MBR membrane process domestic sewage treatment equipment include high removal rate of pollutants, strong resistance to sludge swelling, stable and reliable effluent water quality, mechanical closure of the membrane to avoid the loss of microorganisms, and high sludge concentration can be maintained in the bioreactor.
MBR membrane bioreactor through the above principles, to achieve efficient and stable sewage treatment effect, widely used in domestic sewage treatment, industrial wastewater treatment and other fields.
Composition of MBR membrane bioreactor
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) system is generally composed of the following parts:
1. Water inlet well: the water inlet well is equipped with an overflow port and water inlet gate. In the case that the water quantity exceeds the system load or the treatment system has an accident, the water inlet gate is closed, and the sewage is directly discharged into the river or the municipal pipe network nearby through the overflow port.
2. Grid: sewage often contains a lot of debris, in order to ensure the normal operation of membrane bioreactor, it is necessary to intercept all kinds of fibers, slag, waste paper and other debris outside the system, so it is necessary to set the grid before the system, and regularly clean the grid slag.
3.Regulation tank: The quantity and quality of the collected sewage change with time. In order to ensure the normal operation of the subsequent treatment system and reduce the operating load, it is necessary to adjust the quantity and quality of the sewage, so the regulation tank is designed before entering the biological treatment system. The conditioning tank needs to be cleaned of sediment regularly. The regulating pool is generally set to overflow, which can ensure the normal operation of the system when the load is too large.
4. Hair collector: In the water treatment system, because the collected bath wastewater contains a small amount of hair and fiber and other fine debris that the grid can not completely intercept, it will cause blockage to the pump and MBR reactor, thereby reducing the treatment efficiency, so the membrane bioreactor produced by our company has been installed hair collector.
5. MBR reaction tank: Degradation of organic pollutants and separation of mud and water are carried out in the MBR reaction tank. As the core part of the treatment system, the reaction tank includes microbial colonies, membrane components, water collection system, effluent system, and aeration system.
6. Disinfection device: According to the requirements of the water, the MBR system produced by our company is designed with disinfection device, which can automatically control the dosage.
7. Measuring device: In order to ensure the good operation of the system, the MBR system produced by our company uses metering devices such as flow meters and water meters to control the parameters of the system.
8. Electronic control device: electric control box installed in the equipment room. It mainly controls the intake pump, fan and suction pump. The control is available in manual and automatic forms. Under PLC control, the inlet water pump runs automatically according to the water level of each reaction pool. The operation of the suction pump is controlled intermittently according to the preset time period. When the water level of the MBR reaction pool is low, the suction pump automatically stops to protect the film assembly.
9. Clear pool: according to the amount of water and user needs.
Types of MBR membrane
Membranes in MBR (membrane bioreactor) are mainly divided into the following types, each with unique characteristics:
Hollow fiber membrane:
Physical form: The hollow fiber membrane is a bundle structure, composed of thousands of small hollow fibers, the inside of the fiber is the liquid channel, the outside is the wastewater to be treated.
Features: High area density: there is a large membrane surface area per unit volume, making the equipment compact and small footprint. Convenient gas washing: The surface of the film can be washed directly through aeration, which helps to reduce membrane pollution.
Easy to install and replace: Modular design for easy maintenance and upgrades.
The pore size distribution is uniform: the separation effect is good, and the retention rate of suspended matter and microorganisms is high.
Classification: including curtain film and flat film, curtain film is often used for submerged MBR, flat film is suitable for external MBR.
Flat film:
Physical form: The diaphragm is fixed on the support, and the two sides are respectively the wastewater to be treated and the permeating liquid.
Features:
Stable structure: smooth diaphragm, high mechanical strength, not easy to deformation, strong compressive ability.
Good cleaning effect: The surface is easy to clean, and pollutants can be effectively removed by chemical cleaning and physical scrubbing.
Wear resistance: In long-term operation, the film surface wear is small, and the service life is relatively long.
Suitable for solid-liquid separation: the interception effect of suspended matter with large particles is particularly excellent.
Suitable for large-scale projects: The modular design is easy to expand and suitable for large-scale sewage treatment facilities.
Tubular film:
Physical form: The membrane material is wrapped on the tubular support body, and the wastewater flows in the tube and penetrates through the liquid from the tube wall.
Features:
Strong anti-pollution ability: The internal flow channel design facilitates the formation of turbulence and reduces the deposition of pollutants on the membrane surface.
Good self-cleaning ability: high-speed liquid flow in the tube helps to wash the membrane surface and reduce membrane pollution.
Adapt to high suspended matter wastewater: high concentration of suspended matter and fibrous matter has a better treatment capacity.
Easy maintenance: When a single membrane component is damaged, it can be replaced separately, without affecting the overall system operation.
Ceramic film:
Physical form: porous film sintered from inorganic materials (such as alumina, zirconia, etc.), with stable rigid structure.
Features:
Excellent chemical stability: resistant to acid, alkali, organic solvents and high temperatures, suitable for harsh industrial wastewater treatment environments.
Wear resistance, anti-pollution: smooth membrane surface, not easy to absorb organic matter, high flux recovery rate after cleaning, long life.
Precise and controllable aperture: high separation accuracy, suitable for fine separation and specific pollutant removal.
High mechanical strength: resistant to breakage, suitable for high pressure operation and frequent backwashing.
Classification by aperture size:
Ultrafiltration membrane: The aperture is small (usually between 0.001 and 0.1 microns), mainly to remove bacteria, viruses, colloids, macromolecular organic matter and so on.
Microfiltration membrane: The aperture is slightly larger (about 0.1 to 1 micron), mainly intercepting suspended solids, microorganisms, and some macromolecular organic matter.
Classification by placement:
Immersion: The membrane component is directly immersed in the mixed liquid in the bioreactor, and the permeable liquid is extracted by suction or gas extraction.
External: The membrane module is set separately from the bioreactor. The liquid to be treated is pressurized by the pump and flows through the membrane module. The separated permeating liquid and the concentrated liquid are collected separately.
In summary, the membrane types in MBR are diverse and have their own characteristics, and the choice of membrane depends on the specific wastewater properties, treatment requirements, economic budget, operation and maintenance conditions and other factors. Designers and users need to make reasonable selection according to the actual situation to ensure the efficient and stable operation of the MBR system.
The role of MBR membrane bioreactor in wastewater treatment
The role of MBR system in sewage treatment is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
Efficient solid-liquid separation. MBR uses the membrane to achieve efficient solid-liquid separation, significantly improving effluent quality, close to zero suspended matter and turbidity, and significantly removing bacteria and viruses.
High microbial concentration. MBR is able to maintain a high concentration of activated sludge and increase the organic load of biological treatment, thereby reducing the footprint of the wastewater treatment facility.
Reduce excess sludge. Due to the interception effect of MBR, the production of residual sludge can be reduced and the cost of sludge treatment can be reduced. 34
Effective removal of ammonia nitrogen. The MBR system can trap microorganisms with a long generation cycle, such as nitrifying bacteria, so as to effectively degrade ammonia nitrogen in water.
Save space and reduce energy consumption. MBR system through efficient solid-liquid separation and bioenrichment, the hydraulic residence time of the treatment unit is greatly shortened, the footprint of the bioreactor is correspondingly reduced, and the energy consumption of the treatment unit is also correspondingly reduced due to the high efficiency of the membrane.
Improve water quality. MBR systems provide high quality effluent that meets more stringent discharge standards or reuse requirements.
In summary, MBR membrane bioreactor plays an important role in sewage treatment, including efficient solid-liquid separation, increasing microbial concentration, reducing residual sludge, effectively removing ammonia nitrogen, saving space and reducing energy consumption, etc. It is an efficient and economical sewage resource technology.
Application field of MBR membrane
In the late 1990s, membrane bioreactor (MBR) has entered the practical application stage. Nowadays, membrane bioreactors (MBR) have been widely used in the following fields:
1. Urban sewage treatment and water reuse in buildings
In 1967, a wastewater treatment plant using the MBR process was built by a company in the United States, which treated 14m3/d of wastewater. In 1977, a sewage reuse system was put into practice in a high-rise building in Japan. In the mid-1990s, there were 39 such plants in operation in Japan, with a treatment capacity of up to 500m3 /d, and more than 100 high-rise buildings used MBR to treat sewage back into middle waterways.
2. Industrial wastewater treatment
Since the 1990s, MBR treatment objects continue to expand, in addition to the reuse of water, fecal sewage treatment, MBR application in industrial wastewater treatment has also been widely concerned, such as the treatment of food industry wastewater, aquatic processing wastewater, aquaculture wastewater, cosmetics production wastewater, dye wastewater, petrochemical wastewater, have obtained good treatment results.
3. Micro-polluted drinking water purification
With the wide application of nitrogen fertilizer and insecticides in agriculture, drinking water has also been polluted to varying degrees. In the mid-1990s, the company developed the MBR process with the functions of biological nitrogen removal, insecticide adsorption and turbidity removal at the same time, the nitrogen concentration in the effluent is less than 0.1mgNO2/L, and the pesticide concentration is less than 0.02μg/L.
4. Fecal sewage treatment
The content of organic matter in fecal sewage is very high, the traditional denitrification treatment method requires a high sludge concentration, and the solid-liquid separation is unstable, which affects the effect of tertiary treatment. The emergence of MBR solves this problem well, and makes it possible to treat fecal sewage directly without dilution.
5. Landfill/fertilizer leachate treatment
Landfill/compost leachate contains high concentrations of pollutants, and its quality and amount of water vary with climatic conditions and operating conditions. MBR technology was used in many sewage treatment plants before 1994. Through the combination of MBR and RO technology, not only SS, organic matter and nitrogen can be removed, but also salts and heavy metals can be effectively removed. The MBR uses a naturally occurring mixture of bacteria to break down hydrocarbons and chlorinated compounds in the leachate and treats contaminants at concentrations 50 to 100 times higher than conventional wastewater treatment units. The reason for this treatment effect is that MBR can retain highly efficient bacteria and achieve a bacterial concentration of 5000g/m2. In the field pilot test, the COD of the inlet liquid is several hundred to 40000mg/L, and the removal rate of pollutants is more than 90%.
The development prospect of MBR membrane:
Key areas and directions of application
A. Upgrading of existing urban sewage treatment plants, especially water plants whose effluent quality is difficult to meet the standard or whose treatment flow increases dramatically and whose area cannot be expanded.
B. Residential areas without drainage network system, such as residential areas, tourist resorts, scenic spots, etc.
C. Areas or places with sewage reuse needs, such as hotels, car washes, passenger planes, mobile toilets, etc., give full play to the characteristics of MBR, such as small floor area, compact equipment, automatic control, flexibility and convenience.
D. High concentration, toxic, difficult to degrade industrial wastewater treatment. Such as paper, sugar, alcohol, leather, synthetic fatty acids and other industries, is a common point source pollution. MBR can effectively treat the wastewater which cannot meet the standard of conventional treatment process and realize reuse.
E. Landfill leachate treatment and reuse.
F. Application of small-scale sewage plants (stations). The characteristics of membrane technology are very suitable for treating small-scale sewage.
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) system has become one of the new technology of wastewater treatment and wastewater reuse because of its clean, clear and stable water quality. In today's increasingly stringent water environment standards, MBR has shown its great development potential, and it will become a strong competitor to replace traditional wastewater treatment technology in the future.