Njira Yothetsera Kuyimitsa Sludge:
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ndikuwunika kwamilandu yopingasa filimu yopyapyala yowumitsa magawo awiri mugawo lamagetsi ophatikizika a sludge
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za njira ziwiri zopingasa zopingasa zopyapyala zamakina owumitsa matope mwatsatanetsatane, ndikuwunikanso ntchito ya matope, pulojekiti yakukulitsa kwa nsungwi monga chitsanzo. Makina owumitsa filimu opingasa opingasa ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu yopangira imodzi, chitetezo chokwanira, kusindikiza bwino, mpweya wocheperako, komanso malo ochezera ochezera. Kutengera ubwino wa yopingasa woonda filimu kuyanika zida magawo awiri ndondomeko chitetezo, kusinthasintha, chuma ndi mbali zina, ndondomeko sludge kuyanika ndi zambiri ntchito m'munda wa sludge kusanganikirana ndi kuwombera mphamvu m'badwo, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati imodzi mwa njira zokondedwa za mankhwala sludge ndi kutaya ntchito mu zomera mphamvu. Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha mzindawu, kuchuluka kwa zimbudzi kukukulirakulirabe, ndipo kupita patsogolo kwa malo osungiramo zimbudzi kukukulirakulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinyalala ziwonjezeke. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2016, kuchuluka kwa zimbudzi zaku China zafika 150 miliyoni m/d, ndipo kuchuluka kwa matope ndi pafupifupi matani 30 miliyoni. Akuti kutulutsa kwa zinyalala ku China kupitilira matani 60 miliyoni pofika 2020 kutengera chinyezi cha 80%. The sludge kwaiye mu zosonkhanitsira ndi mankhwala ndondomeko ya zimbudzi m'tauni angakhale ndi zitsulo zolemera, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mavairasi, tizilombo ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha poizoni organic kanthu. Ngati sichisamalidwa bwino ndikutayidwa, chimayambitsa kuipitsa kwachiwiri kwa chilengedwe chozungulira malo otayira ndikuwopseza thanzi la anthu. Vuto la chithandizo cha sludge ndi kutaya kwakhala vuto lalikulu la chilengedwe pansi pa zomwe zikuchitika. Pakali pano, waukulu sludge mankhwala njira monga ndende, conditioning, madzi m'thupi, kuyanika, etc., makamaka ndende, conditioning ndi madzi m'thupi, kuyanika mlingo akadali pa mlingo otsika. Kutaya matope kumatanthauza malo omaliza a matope akalandira chithandizo. Pakalipano, njira zazikulu zotayira zinyalala zikuphatikizapo kutayira kwaukhondo, kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zomangira pambuyo pa kutenthedwa, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa zinyalala zaukhondo. Kumbali imodzi, chifukwa cha kuchulukirachulukira kwa miyezo ndi malo ochepa omwe alipo, kumbali ina, chithandizo ndi kutaya kuyanika ndi kutenthedwa chikukula kwambiri.
Yopingasa woonda filimu sludge kuyanika magawo awiri ndondomekoKuyanika kwa sludge ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya kutentha kapena kutentha kwa zinyalala za mafakitale ndi kutentha kotayira komwe kumapangidwa ndi kuyatsa mafuta opangira zinthu zakale kuti asungunuke mwachangu madzi mumatope kudzera muukadaulo wapadera ndi zida. Kuyanika kwa sludge kumachotsa madzi mu sludge, kuti akwaniritse cholinga chowumitsa matope, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa matope, kupititsa patsogolo calorvalue ya sludge, ndi nthawi yomweyo kuzindikira kuchepetsa ndi kukhazikika kwa sludge. Kuyanika kopingasa filimu yopyapyala yowumitsa magawo awiri ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zowumitsa zinyalala pakali pano, yomwe ndi njira yowumitsa yowotchera yosalunjika pogwiritsa ntchito nthunzi yodzaza kapena mafuta opangira kutentha ngati sing'anga yotentha.
Zida zazikulu
Chida chachikulu cha chopingasa woonda filimu sludge kuyanika njira ziwiri ndi yopingasa woonda filimu kuyanika makina. Zogulitsa za Xinjieyuan Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. zokhudzana ndi zida zachilengedwe zimaphatikizapo petrochemical, mankhwala, chakudya, chilengedwe ndi mphamvu. Kampani ya Xinjieyuan ili ndi kafukufuku wathunthu wazogulitsa ndi chitukuko komanso malo oyesera. Kampaniyo ndi mtsogoleri wapadziko lonse mu njira zosiyanitsira matenthedwe azinthu zosakanikirana zosakanikirana komanso ukadaulo wowonda wamafilimu, komanso mtsogoleri pakupanga ndi kupanga zida zowumitsa zida zowoneka bwino.
Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a makina owumitsa filimu yopingasa yopingasa. Makina owumitsa filimu opingasa opingasa amakhala ndi magawo atatu: chipolopolo, rotor ndi tsamba, ndi chipangizo choyendetsa. Chipolopolocho ndi chotengera chokakamiza, ndipo jekete la chipolopolo limatha kudzazidwa ndi nthunzi yodzaza kapena mafuta opangira kutentha ngati njira yotenthetsera yowumitsa matope. Zinthu zake ndi zitsulo zotentha kwambiri zosagwira kutentha kwa European standard. Khoma lamkati ndilo gawo lotengera kutentha komwe kumakhudzana ndi sludge, kupereka malo akuluakulu osinthanitsa kutentha ndi chonyamulira cha sludge woonda kwambiri. Kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi kukana kuvala kuli bwino kuposa zida zina; Rotor ndi gawo lofunikira la dzenje, ndipo ukadaulo wake wapadera wokonza ukhoza kuwonetsetsa kuti rotor sipanga kupotoza pamene ikutenthedwa ndi kuzungulira pa liwiro lalikulu, ndipo mtunda wapakati pamphepete mwa kunja kwa tsamba ndi khoma lamkati nthawi zonse umasungidwa pa 5-10mm. Pansi pa kuzungulira kwa rotor ndi kuphimba kwa tsamba, sludge yomwe imalowa mu chowumitsira idzapanga chiwombankhanga chopyapyala pakhoma lamkati mofanana, ndipo sludge yopyapyala imasinthidwa nthawi zonse. Imawumabe pamene ikupita kotulukira.
Njira kuyenda
Pambuyo pothira madzi a decanter centrifuge, matope onyowa okhala ndi chinyezi cha 80% -85% amasamutsidwa kupita ku silo yonyowa ya sludge kudzera pamayendedwe agalimoto kapena mapaipi. Silo imaperekedwa ndi slide frame kuti sludge isamangidwe Milatho, ndipo pansi pamakhala ndi zomangira zotsitsa ndi mpope woperekera matope.
Pampu yonyowa imanyamula matopewo kupita ku khomo la chowumitsira filimu yopyapyala, ndipo matope omwe amalowa mu chowumitsira filimu chopyapyala amakutidwa pamwamba pa khoma lotentha ndi tsamba la rotor. Tsambalo silimangotembenuza mobwerezabwereza ndikusakaniza matope pamwamba pa khoma lotentha, komanso limakankhira kutsogolo kwa matope. Pochita izi, madzi mu sludge amatenthedwa ndikutenthedwa mu nthunzi yamadzi, yomwe imayenda mosagwirizana ndi sludge mkati mwa makina owumitsa ndikulowa mu mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kuchokera ku tanki yotulutsa mpweya pamwamba pa doko lodyetsera sludge.
Pambuyo pa evaporation mchira mpweya kwaiye mu woonda filimu kuyanika makina alowa dongosolo condensation kudzera mu bokosi utsi, choyamba amalowa condenser. Mu condenser, nthunzi yonyansa imatsukidwa ndi madzi, ndipo madzi amasungunulidwa kuchokera ku mpweya wa mchira wa evaporation. Kagawo kakang'ono ka gasi wosasunthika (wosasunthika mumlengalenga ndi matope) amatulutsidwa kuchokera ku makina owumitsa ndi fani yotulutsa mpweya pambuyo pa kulekana kwa madontho ndi chipangizo chochotsa ndikusinthidwa mu dongosolo la deodorization kapena dongosolo loyaka moto. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya womwe umatulutsidwa ndi makina owumitsa okha ndi ochepa kwambiri, 5% -10% yokha ya madzi amtundu wa evaporation. Kutulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kumapangitsa kuti dongosolo lonse lowumitsa likhale lopanda mphamvu kuti lipewe kusefukira kwa fungo ndi fumbi.
Dothi louma lokhala ndi 30% -40% chinyezi lomwe limapangidwa kuchokera ku makina owumitsa filimu opyapyala amawumitsidwanso pamakina owumitsa a mzere wotsatira, ndipo chinyezi chocheperako chimatha kuyanika mpaka 5%. Pamene matope owuma asungidwa kwakanthawi, choziziritsa chamatope chimakhazikitsidwa. Dothi likawumitsidwa ndi chowumitsira mzere limatsitsidwa kaye, ndipo kutentha kwa matope kumatsikira pansi pa 50 ℃ kuti chitetezeke ndikuletsa matopewo kuti asapse kapena kuyaka modzidzimutsa. Kenako imatumizidwa ku silo yowuma ya sludge kuti isungidwe kudzera pa valve yotulutsa ndi scraper conveyor. Njira yowotcherayo ikalumikizidwa, makina owumitsa amatha kulumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi njira yowotchera motsatizana kudzera pazida zotumizira. The magawo awiri yopingasa woonda filimu kuyanika ndondomeko akhoza kukwaniritsa chofunika kudziletsa inertification mu dongosolo mwa evaporating madzi mu sludge. Pankhani yoyambira komanso yadzidzidzi, nthunzi yotsika kwambiri, madzi abwino kapena mpweya wa nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yolumikizira makina owumitsa. Chowunikira cha okosijeni chimayikidwa potulutsira tanki yotulutsa mpweya, ndipo magwiridwe antchito otetezeka komanso okhazikika a makina owumitsa matope amatha kuzindikirika poyang'anira kuchuluka kwa okosijeni munjira yowumitsa.
Ubwino wa ndondomeko
1) Chitetezo: mpweya wabwino wa filimu yopyapyala sludge kuyanika dongosolo, nthawi zonse kukhalabe yaying'ono zoipa kuthamanga kwa -0.5 kuti -1kPa, palibe fungo ndi fumbi kusefukira; Dongosololi likhoza kukhala lodzipangira nokha ndikukhazikitsa njira zosiyanasiyana za inert, zomwe zili ndi okosijeni m'mapulojekiti a municipalities zimayendetsedwa pansi pa 5%; Kutentha kwa matope owumitsa pamalo opangira chowumitsira kumatha kufika 100 ℃, komwe kumatha kugwira ntchito yotseketsa ndikukwaniritsa mulingo wa EPA503 wa malamulo otaya matope a US Environmental Protection Agency. Palibe chochitika chachitetezo m'mbiri yofunsira. 2) Kukhazikika: mu sludge ndi cooperative cooperative incineration project, pamene chinyezi cha sludge cholowa mu boiler ya magetsi ndi chachikulu, zimakhala zosavuta kukhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa zida zowotchera, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa zida. Choyamba, khoma lamkati la ng'anjo limatsukidwa ndi kuvala mozama, ndipo lachiwiri ndilosavuta kutsogolera kutsekeka kwa njira yotumizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ng'anjo itseke. Njira ziwiri zowumitsa zinyalala za filimu zowonda zimakhala ndi chinyezi chochepa, ndipo zimatha kuzindikira kusintha kwachangu kwa chinyezi cha sludge pakati pa 20% -33% posintha kuthamanga kwa nthunzi mu makina owumitsa. Poyerekeza ndi njira zina, ili ndi ubwino woonekeratu ndipo imagwira ntchito yabwino kuti ikhale yokhazikika pazitsulo zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi ntchito ya gridi yamagetsi.
3) Zosavuta: kufanana ndi granulation ya zinthu za sludge zitha kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika kwa ntchito yowotcha magetsi. Njira zina zimafunika kuonjezera zida zophwanyidwa kapena granulation, pamene chowumitsira filimu yopyapyala imatha kudzipangira-granulation, mankhwala ndi yunifolomu granulation sludge, popanda zida zowonjezera granulation; Zing'onozing'ono za zida zothandizira, zochepa zazing'ono, ntchito yosavuta ndi kulamulira; Palibe kufalikira kwa gasi, palibe kusakanikirana kwa sludge; Malinga ndi "Pressure Vessel Maintenance Regulations", mitundu yonse ya makina owumitsa amafunikira kuyang'anira khoma lamkati pafupipafupi, kukonza makina owumitsa filimu popanda zida zina zonyamulira, kukonza kosavuta komanso koyenera.
4) Flexible: osiyanasiyana ntchito, oyenera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya sludge, akhoza kuvomereza mu matope chinyezi okhutira 65% -90% chonyowa sludge; Njira ziwirizi zimatha kupanga chilichonse chokhala ndi zinthu zolimba zofananira. Nthawi yoyambira, kuyimitsa ndi kutulutsa ndi yayifupi, ndipo palibe ntchito yoyeretsa yomwe ikufunika kuti muyambirenso. 5) Chuma: Kuchita bwino kwa evaporation. Mu ntchito yowotchera matope, nthunzi yopangira magetsi imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji ngati sing'anga yotentha. The evaporation madzi pa lalikulu mita wa woonda wosanjikiza chowumitsira akhoza kufika oposa 45kg pa ola. ntchito Municipal akhoza pamodzi ndi machitidwe ena (monga m`mimba dongosolo), akhoza kukwaniritsa zoposa 80% mkulu dzuwa kuchira mphamvu kutentha; Mtengo wotsika wokonza, kuwunika kamodzi pachaka kwa masiku 5-10 pachaka; Kununkhira ndi kochepa kwambiri, mtengo wamankhwala wotsika; Kuwongolera kwathunthu, zofunikira zochepa zowunikira.
Phunziro lachiwonetsero chopingasa chopingasa filimu yopyapyala yowumitsa magawo awiri m'munda wamagetsi ophatikizika a sludge
Chinthu chautumiki cha projekiti ya sludge chithandizo ndi kukulitsa kwakutaya ku Shanghai Zhuyuan Area ndi matope otayirapo opangidwa ndi chimbudzi choyambirira ndi chachiwiri cha Zhuyuan zotsukira zinyalala zomwe zidakwezedwa kuti zifike pamlingo wa Grade A ndi chimbudzi cha 2.2 miliyoni m / d pambuyo pomaliza kukweza kwatsopano ndikuwonjezera. Sikelo yomanga pulojekitiyi ndi 223tDS/d, yofanana ndi chinyontho cha 80% cha 1115t/d. Kukonzekera kwa malowa kumaganizira momwe mzere woyatsira moto umayendera gawo loyamba la polojekitiyi, ndipo mlingo wapamwamba wa chithandizo cha polojekitiyi ndi 288.5tDS/d, wofanana ndi sludge volume ya 80% chinyezi 1442.5t/d. Njira yopangira ma sludge imatenga njira yopyapyala yowumitsa magawo awiri + kusanganikirana kwamagetsi ndi kuwombera. Dothi lothiridwa madzi lomwe lili ndi chinyezi cha 80% limasamutsidwa kupita kumalo opangira zinyalala ndi galimoto yotaya. Pambuyo polandirira ndi kusungirako matope, matope onyowa amapoperedwa ku njira yowumitsa matope, ndiyeno chinyezi chambiri chimachepetsedwa mpaka 30% (zosintha zosinthika 20% ~ 30%) pambuyo pa chithandizo chowumitsa. Dothi louma lomwe limapangidwa limatengedwa ndi magalimoto otsekedwa kupita ku Shanghai Waigaoqiao No. 2 Power Plant kapena No.
Chithunzichi ndi chithunzi cha pulogalamu yowumitsa zinyalala ya ntchito yochotsa zinyalala ndi kukulitsa zotaya m'dera la Zhuyuan. Galimoto ya sludge ikakulemedwa ndi weighbridge, matope onyowa amatayidwa ku bin yolandirira mobisa, kenako amatumizidwa ku nkhokwe yonyowa yosungiramo zinyalala kudzera pa mpope wa plunger. Kenako matope onyowa amasamutsidwa kupita ku makina owumitsa filimu opyapyala kudzera pa wononga zotsitsa ndi wononga mpope. Dothi lonyowalo limalowa mu makina owumitsa filimu opyapyala kwa gawo loyamba la kuyanika, ndipo matope owuma amagwera mu makina owumitsa a mzere kudzera mu chute. Dothi louma limawumitsidwanso pamakina owumitsa. Chinyezi cha sludge chimatha kumalizidwa mwachangu pakati pa 20% -33% mwa kusintha mphamvu ya nthunzi mu makina owumitsa. Pambuyo pa gawo lachiwiri la kuyanika, matope amalowa muzitsulo zoziziritsa kuziziritsa, kenako amatumizidwa ku silo youma sludge kuti asungidwe kwakanthawi kudzera mu valve yotsitsa ndi scraper.
Mpweya wotuluka mchira wopangidwa ndi makina owumitsa wokha umayenda mosinthana ndi sludge, ndipo bokosi lotayira pamwamba pa makina owumitsa-wokha limalowa munjira yotsatsira mpweya wa mchira wotsatira. Mpweya wamchira wa evaporative umapopedwa ndikuwunikiridwa mu condenser, ndipo mpweya wosasunthika umalowa mu defogger wotsatira. Pambuyo pakupatukana kwa madontho mu defogger, mpweya womaliza wa mchira umatulutsidwa kuchokera ku makina owumitsa kudzera pa fani ndikulowa mu njira yopangira fungo la mankhwala. Miyezo yaumisiri wapagulu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina owumitsa mafilimu opingasa opingasa makamaka amaphatikiza nthunzi yodzaza, madzi apakatikati, mpweya wa zida, madzi ozizira ozungulira komanso madzi abwino. Mpweya womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito poumitsa umachokera kumalo opangira magetsi ndipo umagawidwa ku mizere 10 yopangira kudzera muzitsulo zazing'ono. Dongosolo lowumitsa lili ndi makina okakamiza mpweya kuti apereke mpweya wa zida, makina obwezeretsanso ma condensate amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti abwezeretse mpweya wowuma pamakina owumitsa, ndipo madzi ozizira ozungulira ozungulira amapereka madzi ozizira ozungulira pamakina. Madzi otayira omwe amapangidwa ndi makina owumitsa amakhala makamaka madzi opopera atatsuka mpweya wa mchira wa evaporation ndi kupopera kwamadzi apakati, ndipo gawo ili la zinyalala lidzabwezeredwa kumalo opangira zimbudzi kuti akachiritsidwe. The utsi mpweya amalowa fungo mankhwala dongosolo chapakati mankhwala. Akaumitsa, matope amatumizidwa ku Waigaoqiao Power Plant kuti akatenthetse limodzi ndi malasha. Dongosolo loyanika matope a ntchito yowonjezereka ya sludge ndi kutaya ntchito ya Zhuyuan Area yadutsa bwino ntchito yowunika ntchito mu August 2020. Nthawi yothamanga pachaka ya polojekitiyi imatha kufika 8000h, ndipo mphamvu yamankhwala yapachaka imatha kufika matani oposa 400,000. Kumaliza ndi kugwira ntchito kwa polojekitiyi kudzathetsa vuto la sludge ku Zhuyuan Area, ndikuthandizira chuma cha Shanghai kuti chikwaniritse chitukuko chokhazikika. Ikhoza kupereka umboni wa ntchito zapakhomo zochitira matope ndi kutaya zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira magetsi.
Chidule
1) Makina owumitsa filimu opingasa opingasa amakhala ndi mpweya wabwino, amatha kuwongolera mpweya wabwino, komanso amakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Palibe ngozi yachitetezo yomwe yachitika m'mbiri yogwiritsira ntchito zaka zopitilira 30, ndipo ndi njira imodzi yowumitsa bwino kwambiri pantchito yowumitsa matope lero.
2) Mu ntchito yopanga matope osakaniza ndi kuwombera mphamvu, kuwongolera mawonekedwe a sludge owuma ndi chinyezi ndikofunikira kwambiri, zomwe zidzakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa dongosolo loyatsira lotsatira la dongosolo lowumitsa. Kumbali imodzi, yopingasa woonda wosanjikiza kuyanika awiri siteji ndondomeko akhoza kupanga mankhwala granular ndi yunifolomu tinthu kukula ndipo palibe fumbi, ndipo Komano, akhoza mwamsanga kuzindikira kusintha kwa chinyezi ndi kusintha nthunzi kuthamanga ndi liwiro la magawo awiri liniya kuyanika makina. Kuwongolera bwino kwa mawonekedwe ndi chinyezi cha sludge youma kumatha kuonetsetsa kuti dongosolo lonse likugwira ntchito mokhazikika.
3) Horizontal woonda wosanjikiza kuyanika magawo awiri sludge kuyanika cooperative kutaya ndi kachitidwe kachitidwe kasamalidwe sludge ma municipalities mankhwala ndi kutaya, amene ali ubwino zoonekeratu chitetezo, bata, kudalirika, patsogolo ndi mbali zina. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yopingasa yopingasa filimu yopyapyala yowumitsa magawo awiri pakutaya zinyalala ndi njira yasayansi komanso yololera pakuchiritsa ndi kutaya zinyalala zamatauni lero.
