Isisombululo sonyango lokomisa udaka:
Ubume besicelo kunye nohlalutyo lwemeko yefilimu ethe tyaba ethe tyaba yokomisa inkqubo enamanqanaba amabini kwindawo yokuvelisa udaka oluxutyiweyo.
Eli nqaku lazisa inkqubo enemigangatho emibini yomatshini wokomisa udaka oluthe tyaba oluthe tye, kwaye ihlalutya unyango lwe-sludge, iprojekthi yokwandisa i-bamboo Park njengomzekelo. Umatshini wokomisa ifilimu othe tyaba othe tyaba unomthamo omkhulu wokusetyenzwa, ukhuseleko oluphezulu, ukutywinwa okulungileyo, igesi encinci yokukhupha, kunye nemeko yendawo yokusebenzela enobuhlobo. Ngokusekelwe kwiingenelo ezithe tyaba ezibhityileyo zokumisa izixhobo zefilimu enamanqanaba amabini kukhuseleko, ukuguquguquka, uqoqosho kunye neminye imiba, le nkqubo yokomisa i-sludge isetyenziswa ngakumbi kwintsimi yokuxuba i-sludge kunye nokudubula kwamandla ombane, kwaye inokusetyenziswa njengenye yeenkqubo ezikhethiweyo zonyango lwe-sludge kunye neeprojekthi zokulahlwa kwizityalo zamandla. Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwesixeko, isixa sogutyulo siyaqhubeka sikhula, kwaye inkqubela phambili yokuphucula amaziko okucoca amanzi amdaka iyaqhubeka nokukhawulezisa, okukhokelela ekwandeni okukhulu kokuphuma kodaka. Ekupheleni kuka-2016, umthamo wokucoca ugutyulo lwaseTshayina ufikelele kwi-150 yezigidi m/d, kwaye isixa esipheleleyo sodaka luphantse lube ngama-30 ezigidi zeetoni. Kuqikelelwa ukuba imveliso ye-sludge yase-China iya kudlula i-60 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2020 ngokusekelwe kwi-80% yesiqulatho sokufuma. Udaka oluveliswe kwingqokelela kunye nenkqubo yokunyangwa kwamanzi amdaka asezidolophini anokuba nesinyithi esinzima, iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, iimicroorganisms kunye nenani elikhulu lezinto ezinobuthi ezinobuthi. Ukuba ayiphathwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ilahlwe, iya kubangela ungcoliseko olubi lwesibini kwimo engqongileyo ejikeleze indawo yokukhupha kwaye isoyikise impilo yabantu. Ingxaki yonyango lwe-sludge kunye nokulahlwa kuye kwaba yingxaki eveleleyo yokusingqongileyo phantsi kwemeko yangoku. Okwangoku, iindlela eziphambili zonyango lwe-sludge zibandakanya ukugxininiswa, ukulungiswa, ukuchithwa kwamanzi, ukomisa, njl., ikakhulukazi ukugxininiswa, ukulungiswa kunye nokuchithwa kwamanzi, izinga lokumisa kusekho kwinqanaba eliphantsi. Ukulahlwa kodaka kubhekisa kwindawo yokugqibela yodaka emva konyango. Okwangoku, iindlela eziphambili zokulahla i-sludge zibandakanya ukulahla inkunkuma, ukusetyenziswa komhlaba, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokwakha emva kokutshiswa, njl. Kwelinye icala, ngenxa yemigangatho engqongqo engqongqo kunye nemithombo yomhlaba ekhoyo ekhoyo kwelinye icala, unyango kunye nokulahlwa kokomisa kunye nokutshisa kuya kuxhaphaka ngakumbi.
Horizontal obhityileyo ifilimu sludge ukomisa inkqubo enamanqanaba amabiniUkomisa udaka yinkqubo esebenzisa amandla obushushu okanye ubushushu benkunkuma yeshishini kunye nobushushu obuyinkunkuma obuveliswa ngokutshiswa kwamafutha efosili ukukhupha umphunga ngokukhawuleza amanzi eludaka ngobuchwepheshe obukhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo. Ukomisa i-sludge kususa amanzi kwi-sludge, ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokomisa i-sludge, ukunciphisa umthamo we-sludge, ukuphucula i-calorvalue ye-sludge, kunye nokuqonda kwangaxeshanye ukunciphisa kunye nokuzinzisa kwe-sludge. Ukuthe tyaba okuthe tyaba okuthe tyaba okuthe tyaba kwefilimu ukomisa inkqubo yenye yeenkqubo eziphambili zokomisa udaka olubanzi ngoku, okuyinkqubo yokomisa ngokushushu ngokungangqalanga kusetyenziswa umphunga ogcweleyo okanye i-oyile yokuqhuba ubushushu njengendawo yobushushu.
Izixhobo eziphambili
Esona sixhobo sithe tyaba sithe tyaba sithe tyaba sithe tyaba sikomisa inkqubo yefilimu enemigangatho emibini ngumatshini wokomisa ifilimu othe tye. Xinjieyuan Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. 's ezinxulumene iimveliso izixhobo zokusingqongileyo ibandakanya petrochemical, amayeza, ukutya, indalo kunye namasimi amandla. Inkampani yeXinjieyuan ineziko elipheleleyo lophando kunye neziko lophuhliso kunye nesiseko sovavanyo. Inkampani yinkokeli yehlabathi kwizisombululo zokwahlulwa kwe-thermal kwizinto ezixubeneyo ezixubeneyo kunye netekhnoloji yefilimu ebhityileyo yokunyuka komphunga, kunye nenkokeli kuphuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo zokomisa izinto eziphezulu ze-viscosity.
Umzobo ubonisa umzobo wesakhiwo somatshini wokomisa ifilimu othe tye. Umatshini wokomisa ifilimu othe tyaba othe tyaba wenziwa ikakhulu ngamacandelo amathathu: iqokobhe, i-rotor kunye neblade, kunye nesixhobo sokuqhuba. Iqokobhe sisitya soxinzelelo, kwaye ijacket yeqokobhe inokuzaliswa ngomphunga ogcweleyo okanye i-oyile yokuqhuba ubushushu njengobushushu benkqubo yokomisa udaka. Izinto eziphathekayo yintsimbi yebhoyila ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu bomgangatho waseYurophu. Udonga lwangaphakathi luyinxalenye yokutshintshwa kobushushu ekudibaneni ne-sludge, ukubonelela indawo yokutshintshiselana kobushushu kunye nomthwali woluhlu oluncinci lwe-sludge. Ukuchasana nokubola kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kungcono kunezinye izinto; I-rotor iyi-shaft edibeneyo edibeneyo, kwaye iteknoloji yokucubungula ekhethekileyo inokuqinisekisa ukuba i-rotor ayivelisi ukuphambuka ngelixa ishushu kwaye ijikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu, kwaye umgama phakathi komda wangaphandle we-blade kunye nodonga lwangaphakathi luhlala lugcinwe kwi-5-10mm. Ngaphantsi kokujikeleza kwe-rotor kunye nokugubungela i-blade, i-sludge engena kwi-dryer iya kwenza uluhlu oluncinci oluguquguqukayo eludongeni lwangaphakathi ngokufanayo, kwaye umgca omncinci we-sludge uhlaziywa rhoqo. Iyaqhubeka yoma njengoko isiya kwindawo yokuphuma.
Ukuhamba kwenkqubo
Emva kokususwa kwamanzi kwi-decanter centrifuge, i-sludge emanzi kunye nesiqulatho sokufuma esingama-80% -85% sithuthwa sisiwe kwisisele sodaka olumanzi ngothutho lwesithuthi okanye ngombhobho. I-silo ibonelelwe ngesakhelo sesilayidi sokuthintela udaka ekumiseni iiBridges, kwaye ezantsi kubonelelwe ngesikrufu sokukhulula kunye nempompo yokuhanjiswa kwe-sludge emanzi.
Ipompo ehambisa i-sludge emanzi ihambisa i-sludge ekungeneni kwesomisi esincinci sefilimu, kwaye i-sludge engena kwi-dryer yefilimu encinci ifakwe phezu kodonga olushushu nge-blade kwi-rotor. I-blade ayiguquki ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye idibanise i-sludge ebusweni bodonga olushushu, kodwa iphinde iqhube phambili kwi-outlet yodaka. Kule nkqubo, amanzi kwi-sludge ashushu kwaye aphephe kwi-steam yamanzi, ehamba ngokungafaniyo kunye ne-sludge ngaphakathi kumatshini wokumisa kwaye ingene kwi-exhaust gas condensation system ukusuka kwi-tank yokukhupha ngaphezu kwe-port feeding sludge.
Emva kokuba igesi yomsila we-evaporation eveliswe kumatshini wokomisa ifilimu encinci ingena kwi-condensation system ngebhokisi yokukhupha, iqala ingena kwi-condenser. Kwi-condenser, i-steam yenkunkuma ihlanjwa ngamanzi, kwaye amanzi ahlanganiswe kwi-gas yomsila we-evaporation. I-gas encinci ye-non-condensing (i-volatile matter in air and sludge) ikhutshwe kwisistim sokumisa yi-fan exhaust emva kokuhlukana kwe-droplet ngesixhobo sokutshabalalisa kunye nokucutshungulwa kwindlela yokukhupha i-deodorization okanye inkqubo yokutshisa. Ubungakanani begesi yokukhupha igesi ekhutshwe yinkqubo yokuzomisa incinci kakhulu, kuphela i-5% -10% yamanzi e-evaporation yenkqubo. I-fan yokukhupha igesi yenza yonke inkqubo yokumisa ibe kwimeko yoxinzelelo olubi ukuphepha ukuphuphuma kwephunga kunye nothuli.
I-sludge eyomileyo ene-30% -40% yesiqulatho sokufuma esiveliswe kumatshini ocekethekileyo wokomisa ifilimu iye yomiswa ngakumbi kumatshini wokomisa womgca olandelayo, kwaye ubuncinci bomthamo wokufuma bungomiswa ukuya kwi-5%. Xa i-sludge eyomileyo igcinwe okwethutyana, i-cooler ye-sludge imisiwe. I-sludge emva kokomiswa nge-linear dryer ipholiswa kuqala, kwaye ubushushu be-sludge buyancipha ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-50 ℃ ukuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokuthintela udaka ekuqhumeni okanye ukutsha okuzenzekelayo. Emva koko ithunyelwa kwi-silo yodaka olomileyo ukuze igcinwe ngevalve yokukhupha kunye ne-scraper conveyor ngokulandelelana. Xa inkqubo yokutshisa i-incineration elandelayo ixhunyiwe, inkqubo yokomisa inokudibaniswa ngokuthe ngqo kunye nenkqubo yokutshisa ngokulandelelana ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zokuhambisa. Inkqubo yokomisa ifilimu enemigangatho emibini ethe tyaba inokufikelela imfuno yokuzifaka kwi-self-inertification kwinkqubo ngokusebenzisa amanzi aphuphumayo kwi-sludge. Kwimeko yokuqalisa kunye nengxakeko, umphunga woxinzelelo oluphantsi, amanzi amatsha okanye igesi yenitrogen isetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokunganyangeki kwenkqubo yokomisa. I-analyzer yomxholo we-oksijeni ibekwe kwindawo yokuphuma kwetanki yokukhupha, kwaye ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo yokomisa i-sludge inokuphunyezwa ngokulawula umxholo we-oksijini kwinkqubo yokomisa.
Izinto eziluncedo kwinkqubo
I-1) Ukhuseleko: i-airtightness efanelekileyo yefilimu encinci yenkqubo yokomisa i-sludge, hlala ugcina uxinzelelo oluncinci oluncinci lwe-0.5 ukuya ku-1kPa, akukho vumba kunye nothuli oluphuphumayo; Inkqubo inokuzimela kwaye ibeke iindlela ezahlukeneyo ze-inert, umxholo we-oksijini kwiiprojekthi zikamasipala zilawulwa ngaphantsi kwe-5%; Iqondo lokushisa lokumisa i-sludge kwindawo yokuphuma kwesomisi inokufikelela kwi-100 ℃, enokuthi idlale ngokupheleleyo indima yokuvala inzala kwaye ihlangabezane nomgangatho we-EPA503 wekhowudi yokulahla i-sludge ye-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo yase-US. Akukho siganeko sokhuseleko kwimbali yesicelo. 2) Ukuzinza: kwiprojekthi yokutshisa i-sludge kunye ne-coal cooperative, xa umthamo womswakama we-sludge ungena kwibhoyila yesityalo sombane mkhulu, kulula ukuba nefuthe elibi kwisixhobo sebhoyila, esinokukhokelela kumonakalo omkhulu wezixhobo. Okokuqala, udonga lwangaphakathi lwesithando somlilo luhlanjwa kwaye lugqitywe ngokukrakra, kwaye okwesibini kulula ukukhokelela ekuvinjweni kwenkqubo yokuhambisa, okubangelwa ukuvalwa kwesithando somlilo. Inkqubo enemigangatho emibini yokomiswa kodaka lwefilimu inomthamo ophantsi wodaka, kwaye inokuqonda uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezileyo lwesiqulatho sokufuma kodaka phakathi kwe-20% -33% ngokulungelelanisa uxinzelelo lomphunga kumatshini wokomisa. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkqubo, ineenzuzo ezicacileyo kwaye idlala indima entle ekugcineni uzinzo lwezixhobo zokutyala amandla kunye nokusebenza kwegridi yamandla.
I-3) Elula: ukufana kunye ne-granulation yeemveliso ze-sludge kunokunyusa ukuzinza kokusebenza kwebhoyila yesityalo samandla. Ezinye iinkqubo zifuna ukunyusa ukutyumza okanye izixhobo ze-granulation, ngelixa i-dryer yefilimu encinci inokuba yi-self-granulation, imveliso ifana ne-granulation sludge, ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezongezelelweyo ze-granulation; Inani elincinci lezixhobo ezincedisayo, unyawo oluncinci, ukusebenza okulula kunye nokulawula; Akukho kujikelezwa kwerhasi yomthwali, akukho mxube we-sludge back; Ngokutsho kwe "Pressure Vessel Maintenance Regulations", zonke iintlobo zoomatshini bokumisa kufuneka baqhube ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi kwodonga lwangaphakathi, ukugcinwa komatshini wokomisa ifilimu ngaphandle kwezinye izixhobo zokuphakamisa, ukugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
I-4) I-Flexible: uluhlu olubanzi lwesicelo, olufanelekileyo kwiindidi zeentlobo ze-sludge, lunokwamkela kumswakama wodaka we-65% -90% i-sludge emanzi; Inkqubo yamanqanaba amabini inokuvelisa nayiphi na imveliso enomxholo ofanayo oqinileyo. Ukuqala, ukumisa kunye nexesha lokukhupha lifutshane, kwaye akukho msebenzi wokucoca ofunekayo ukuqalisa kwakhona. 5) Uqoqosho: ukusebenza kakuhle kokunyuka kwe-evaporation. Kwiprojekthi ye-sludge co-incineration, umphunga weplanti yamandla unokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo njengendawo yokufudumala. Amanzi aphuphumayo kwi-square meter yesomisi esibhityileyo anokufikelela ngaphezu kwama-45kg ngeyure. Iiprojekthi zikamasipala zinokudityaniswa nezinye iinkqubo (ezifana nenkqubo yokwetyisa), zinokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-80% yobuchule obuphezulu bokubuyiswa kwamandla obushushu; Iindleko zokugcinwa okuphantsi, kuphela ukuhlolwa okukodwa ngonyaka kweentsuku ezi-5-10 ngonyaka; Ivumba lincinci kakhulu, iindleko zonyango eziphantsi; Ulawulo oluzenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo, iimfuno eziphantsi zokubeka iliso.
Uphononongo oluthe tyaba oluthe tyaba olucekethekileyo lwefilimu eyomisa inkqubo enamanqanaba amabini kudaka oluxutywe intsimi yokuvelisa amandla
Injongo yenkonzo yokucoca udaka kunye neprojekthi yokwandisa i-Shanghai Zhuyuan Area yi-sludge egayiweyo eyenziwe ngokucocwa kogutyulo lwezityalo zokuqala kunye nesibini ze-Zhuyuan zokucocwa kogutyulo oluphuculwe kumgangatho wamanzi amdaka weBanga A kunye ne-2.2 yezigidi ze-m / d yokucocwa kwelindle emva kokugqitywa kweprojekthi entsha yophuculo kunye nokongeza. Umlinganiselo wokwakha weprojekthi yi-223tDS/d, olingana nomthamo wodaka lwe-80% yokufuma kwe-1115t/d. Ulungelelwaniso lweziko luqwalasela imeko yogcino lomgca wokutshisa wesigaba sokuqala seprojekthi, kunye nencopho yomgangatho wonyango lweprojekthi yi-288.5tDS/d, ngokulingana nomthamo wodaka wama-80% wokufuma kwe-1442.5t/d. Indlela yokucocwa kodaka ithatha umaleko obhityileyo wokomisa indlela enamanqanaba amabini + umxube weplanti yombane kunye nenkqubo yokudubula. I-sludge egayiweyo enomthamo wama-80% wokufuma ithuthwa isiwe kwindawo yokucocwa kodaka ngelori yokulahla. Emva kwenkqubo yokufumana i-sludge kunye nokugcinwa, i-sludge emanzi impontshelwa kwindlela yokomisa i-sludge yefilimu, kwaye ke umyinge womswakama ophakathi uyancipha ukuya kuma-30% (uluhlu olunokulungiswa lwe-20% ~ 30%) emva kokunyanga kwenkqubo yokomisa. I-sludge eyomileyo eyenziwe ithuthwa ngeelori ezivaliweyo ukuya e-Shanghai Waigaoqiao No.
Umzobo ngumzobo wenkqubo yokomisa i-sludge yonyango lwe-sludge kunye neprojekthi yokwandisa i-sludge kwindawo yaseZhuyuan. Emva kokuba ilori ye-sludge ilinganiswe yi-weighbridge, i-sludge emanzi ilahlwa kumgqomo ongaphantsi komhlaba wokufumana, kwaye emva koko uthuthelwe kumgqomo omanzi wokugcina udaka ngenkqubo yempompo yeplunger. Emva koko i-sludge emanzi ithuthelwa kumatshini wokomisa ifilimu encinci nge-screw yokukhulula kunye ne-screw pump. I-sludge emanzi ingena kumatshini wokomisa ifilimu encinci kwinqanaba lokuqala lokumisa, kwaye i-sludge eyomileyo iwela kumatshini wokomisa umgca ngokusebenzisa i-chute. I-sludge eyomileyo yomiswa ngakumbi kumatshini wokomisa omgca. Ubumanzi be-sludge bunokugqitywa ngokukhawuleza kuluhlu lwe-20% -33% ngokulungelelanisa uxinzelelo lwe-steam kumatshini wokumisa. Emva kwenqanaba lesibini lokumisa, i-sludge ingena kwi-screw yokupholisa, kwaye emva koko ihanjiswe kwi-silo ye-sludge eyomileyo ukuze igcinwe okwethutyana ngevalve yokukhulula kunye ne-scraper.
Irhasi yomsila we-evaporative eveliswa ngumatshini wokuzomisa ihambela ngasemva kunye ne-sludge, kunye nebhokisi yokukhupha ngaphezu komatshini wokuzomisa ingena kwinkqubo yokunciphisa igesi yomsila elandelayo. Irhasi yomsila we-evaporative itshizwe kwaye igxininiswe kwi-condenser, kwaye igesi engagxiliyo ingena kwi-defogger elandelayo. Emva kokuhlukana kwe-droplet kwi-defogger, i-gas yokugqibela yomsila ikhutshwe kwinkqubo yokomisa nge-fan kwaye ingena kwinkqubo yonyango yonyango. Iimeko zobunjineli zikawonke-wonke ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokomisa ifilimu ethe tyaba ethe tyaba ibandakanya umphunga ogcweleyo, amanzi aphakathi, umoya wesixhobo, amanzi okupholisa ajikelezayo kunye namanzi amatsha. Umphunga osetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokomisa uvela kwiplanti yamandla kwaye usasazwe kwimigca yemveliso ye-10 ngokusebenzisa ii-sub-cylinders. Inkqubo yokomisa ixhotyiswe ngenkqubo yoxinzelelo lomoya ukubonelela ngomoya wesixhobo, inkqubo yokubuyisela i-condensate isetyenziselwa ukubuyisela i-condensate ye-steam yomatshini wokumisa, kunye nenkqubo yokupholisa okujikelezayo yamanzi ibonelela ngokujikeleza kwamanzi okupholisa kwesistim. Amanzi amdaka aveliswa yinkqubo yokomisa ubukhulu becala ngamanzi okutshizwa emva kokuhlamba irhasi yomsila wokuphuma ngumphunga ngesitshizi samanzi aphakathi, kwaye le nxalenye yelindle iya kubuyiselwa kwindawo yokucocwa kwelindle ukuze inyangwe. Irhasi yokukhupha ingena kwinkqubo yonyango lwevumba kunyango oluphakathi. Emva kokumisa, i-sludge ithunyelwa kwi-Waigaoqiao Power Plant ukuze itshiswe kunye namalahle. Inkqubo yokomisa i-sludge yonyango lwe-sludge kunye neprojekthi yokwandiswa kwe-sludge yeNdawo yaseZhuyuan iphumelele ngempumelelo uvavanyo lokusebenza ngo-Agasti 2020. Ixesha lonyaka leprojekthi linokufikelela kwi-8000h, kwaye umthamo wonyaka wonyango we-sludge unokufikelela kwiitoni ezingaphezu kwe-400,000. Ukugqitywa kunye nokusebenza kweprojekthi kuya kusombulula ngokusisiseko ingxaki ye-sludge kwiNdawo yaseZhuyuan, kunye nokunceda uqoqosho lwaseShanghai lufezekise uphuhliso oluzinzileyo. Inokubonelela ngereferensi yonyango lodaka lwasekhaya kunye neeprojekthi zokulahlwa kunye nokutshiswa ngokubambisana kweplanti yombane.
Isishwankathelo
I-1) Inkqubo yokomisa ifilimu ethe tyaba inomoya olungileyo, inokufikelela kulawulo olungqongqo lweoksijini, kwaye inokhuseleko oluphezulu. Akukho ngozi yokhuseleko eyenzekileyo kwimbali yesicelo engaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30, kwaye yenye yezona nkqubo zokomisa ezikhuselekileyo kwintsimi yokomisa i-sludge namhlanje.
2) Kwiprojekthi yokuvelisa i-sludge kunye nokutshisa umbane, ukulawulwa kwefom ye-sludge eyomileyo kunye nomxholo womswakama kubaluleke kakhulu, okuya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokutshisa i-instrument system yokumisa. Kwelinye icala, umaleko othe tyaba othe tyaba owomisa inkqubo enamanqanaba amabini inokuvelisa iimveliso zegranular ezinobungakanani bamasuntswana afanayo kwaye akukho thuli, kwaye kwelinye icala, inokuqonda ngokukhawuleza uhlengahlengiso lokunyakama ngokuguqula uxinzelelo lomphunga kunye nesantya somatshini wokomisa wemigangatho emibini. Ukulawulwa kakuhle kobume kunye nomswakama we-sludge eyomileyo kunokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwenkqubo yonke.
3) Umaleko othe tyaba obhityileyo owomileyo onamanqanaba amabini okulahlwa kodaka lwentsebenziswano yindlela yophuhliso lonyango lodaka lukamasipala kunye nokulahlwa, oluneenzuzo ezicacileyo kukhuseleko, uzinzo, ukuthembeka, phambili kunye neminye imiba. Ukusetyenziswa kwefilimu ethe tyaba ebhityileyo yokomisa inkqubo enamanqanaba amabini kwintsebenziswano yokulahla udaka lukhetho lwenzululwazi nolunengqiqo kunyango lodaka lukamasipala kunye nokulahlwa namhlanje.
